Dream of equal schooling Essay Example for Free

Dream of equal schooling Es judgeMr. Borsuk also found that with the exception of the element of religion in the verifier schoolsan issue many feel is a violation of the separation of church and state its the same story thats being played step forward in urban classrooms across Americaa story of poverty, limited resources, poor leadership and broken families. (2006). Based on firsthand experience observations garnered from tour each and every verifier school that would allow it, Borsuk concluded that at least ten of the 106 schools visited appeargond to lack the ability, resources, knowledge or will to offer children dismantle a mediocre education. most of these were led by individuals who had little to no background in running schools and no resources other than state payments. (Borsuk 2006). guild of the voucher schools would not allow the reporters to observe their work, making one wonder why the secrecy? Like everything on earth, some bad must do it along with the go od. Alexs Academics of Excellence happened to be a school begun by a convicted rapist, and kept on enrolling students even after allegations of drug use by staff on school grounds and a DAs investigation.Thankfully, Alexs, along with three others have closedas a result of away intervention, not due to parental outcry. Conservatives have focused on the undeniable problems in our public school systems as a origin for the voucher system. They say that the voucher system gives choice to parents and students, but in reality they are more(prenominal) interested in privatizing the schools, effectively removing them from public oversight and responsibility. (Special voucher 2000).The selection to the voucher system would be to invest in our public schools, not abandon them, according to the more liberal stance. Our society knows how to teach children, it just tends to do that job in unequal measures. Many times a disproportionate amount of money is spent on the already privileged chil dren rather than on the low income areas. Perhaps the largest distinguishing accompanimentor in voucher schools comes down to religion. Many of the students in the voucher program schools pray together in class, read the Bible, the Torah, or attend Mass.Even parents who are not particularly religious feel their children will get a better education and learn moral value when placed in a parochial school. While the religious aspect is a sticking point for those who advocate the separation of church and state, the religious schools are the fastest growing area of voucher schools, and many parents who were interviewed felt their children were receiving a much better education in a parochial school than they did in public schools.Martin Carnoy, a Stanford University professor has been critical of the voucher system, pointing to the fact that other states are not participating. No other places jumped on the bandwagon, and I think the reason is they dont see anything spectacular and terri fic happening. Basically, they force out live without it. (Borsuk 2006). It is felt in many sectors that the voucher program has been a huge conk out on resources, taking away money and attention from the some 85,000 students who still attend regular MPS schools.These students are effectively losing out so that others can attend private schools. (Borsuk 2006). How do other states feel about the voucher system? The Florida State Supreme Court ruled on January 5, 2006 that Governor Jeb scourings pilot voucher program was illegal because it violates the provision in the state constitution that prohibits using taxpayer money to finance a private alternative to the public education system. (OnWEAC 2006). The decision was 5-2 and the court stated that the voucher school program hurt public education because it diverted public dollars into private systems.Voucher schools are being rejected at a national level as in November, 2005, a group of 23 House Republicans bucked its partys lead ers and defeated an effort to include a private school voucher plan in the House budget rapprochement bill. (OnWEAC 2006). The question remains What is the future of the Wisconsin Voucher system? From September, 2005 to January, 2006, the number of low income students attending voucher schools dropped sharply, a decline of nearly 1500 students. This could be due to the fact that three voucher schools were closed because they did not meet minimum standards, or perhaps the reasons are more far-reaching.(School Choice 2006). The Laws have recently expanded the eligibility of voucher recipients, now allowing students who are in schools that have ranked in the academic emergency or academic watch category for the past three years to receive vouchers. (School Choice 2006) The Maine Supreme Judicial Court recently upheld a very controversial state law that prohibits students from using publicly funded vouchers for religious schools. rightness Donald Alexander wrote that the state is not compelled to pay for religious education even though the U. S.Supreme Court has ruled that these programs are constitutionally permissible. (School Choice 2006). Although this was a Maine case, the issue may soon arise in Wisconsin as well. Wisconsin has done its best and tried many alternatives, gone down many roads to ameliorate the education of their children. Nobody can fault them for this, however it is clear that it is still far from a level playing field, and that more reforms are in order, more programs that guarantee each child a quality education.References Borsuk, Alan J. (January 3, 2004). Dream of equal schooling is unrealized. Accessed on May 3, 2006 from http//www.jsonline.com

General Ability Test Essay Example for Free

General Ability Test EssayOnce your boat does sail off and your business does come into being chances are that you will destiny people to help you run it. Now, enlisting might look easy but dont be fooled by its innocent exterior it rat turn out to be the devils own at times. If you are in a hurry to pursue success you are promising to take under your wings almost anyone who is willing to give you a hand in doing just that. But while large scale recruitment is a straightforward thing filtering out the excess over time and keeping back the cream is the only way to run a good business.Now, lets suppose that you have taken into your firm almost everyone who applied for the jobs you offered without even bothering about their score in the entry-level assessment. Its quite al right hand to have extra recruits such as these for a while but remember, sooner or later you will have to select the best out of this bunch and let the others go. enchantment selecting the best out of the lot might sound simple but the job itself is far from being easy. (Lamb, 2004)Often good scores at a test reveal little or nothing about the potential of your future employees so dont let your judgment get bleary by their entry test results alone. Instead, keep a tab on their regular office work. Usually the brightest amongst a group of recruits shine out during discussions and meetings and ecumenic performance. Find out who the right candidates from your large number of recruits simply by profiling the sort of candidate you are ideally looking for your particular purpose.A certain candidate might be as smart as a pin but he/she might not fit into your lodge or the specific post you are looking to fill. Remember to stay focused on your precise needs in order to find yourself the right employees. Post recruitment evaluation is often easier than pre-recruitment selection since it allows you a first hand experience of exactly what your potential worker is capable of.References Lamb, D (2004) delirium to Culture The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata Wellington National Book Trust

The Role of Forensic Accountants Essay Example for Free

The Role of rhetorical Accountants EssayPROBLEM STATEMENTIn recent times, the world has witnessed the failure of large corporate organizations which has been attributed to large get over fraud by Directors in connivance with auditors.There is the case of Enro in the U.S, Parmalat in Italy and many cases in the U.K such as Polly Peek, Maxwell communications and BCCI.This ontogeny brought about in its wake the lack of public confidence in audit reports and auditing. By this many stakeholders seek redress in the court of law. In the court of law, the service of an expert witness is required in order to ascertain the true state of affair of the troubled enterprise.PURPOSE OF STUDYTo attempt a forensic Accountant as an expert witness in litigation and to effectively determine his role in judicial process basis STUDYForensic accounting is hardly a new field, but in recent years, banks, insurance companies and even police agencies have increased the employ of these experts. A nati onwide study conducted by Kessler International (a forensic accounting and fact-finding firm) showed that 39% of organizations have considered the need for a forensic accountant. The study intends to remark outhow the knowledge of forensic accounting can reduce corporate fraud, mis circumspection and seeking redress in the court of law.INTRODUCTIONWhat is forensic account?Forensic accounting is the practice of utilizing accounting, auditing and investigative skill to assist in legal matter and the application of specialized body of knowledge to the evidence of economical transaction and reporting suitable for the purpose of establishing accountability or valuation of administrative proceeding. In wide sense, it can be said as the justness of accounting, auditing and investigative skill to abstain a particular result.Journal of college Teaching and Learning (2007). Vol 4, Number 9 states Forensic accounting as accounting depth psychology that can uncover possible fraud that is su itable for presentation in court. Such analysis will sort the basis for discussion, debate and dispute resolving powerIn my view, forensic accounting is that aspect of accounting that provides an accounting analysis that is suitable to the organization in resolving disputes that arises in the organization.Forensic accountants utilize accounting, auditing and investigative skills while conducting an investigation. These accountants are trained to look into the dispute in a number of ways. They often retain to analyze, interpret, summarize and present a complex stylus which is understandable and probably supported. Also, they are often involved in various activities such as investigating and analyzing financial evidence, developing computerized application, exhibiting documents and presenting the evidence obtained.This new and background signal breaking accounting has two main areas which area. Litigation support and investigationb. Dispute resolution.Role of Forensic Accountants in Judicial ProcessA Forensic accountant is involved in the collection of document, investigating, analyzing and development of computerized application to assist in the analysis and presentation of financial evidence, communicating their findings in the form of reports, exhibits, including testifying in court as expert witness and preparing visual aids to support trial evidence.Thus, the role a forensic accountant can be said to include the followinga. Giving preliminary advice as an initial appraisal of the pleading and evidence available at the start of proceedingsb. Identifying the anchor documents which should be made available as evidence, this is important when the forensic accountant is acting for the defense and lawyers are preparing lists of document to tender in court.c. Preparing a exact balanced report on quantum of evidence, writing in a language readily understood by a non-accountant and dealing with all issue, irrespective of whether or not they are favourable to the clientd. Briefing legal counsels on the financial and accounting aspects of the case during pre-trial preparatione. Initiate measure for introduction of environs accounting to highlight the damage done to the environment by the possible recoupment of such damages or replenishment of lost properties through environmental management continually.CONCLUSIONThe expert witness testimony of the forensic accountant has forced businesses to restructure, and millions of naira, dollars to be paid in damages people have on cause even gone to jail. The practical and in-depth analysis that a forensic accountant brings to a case helps to uncover underlying problems in business.Forensic accountants are presently in great demand, with the public quest for honesty, fairness and transparency in reporting increasing exponentially. Whatever the reasoning may be more(prenominal) and more forensic accountants are being called upon to use their investigative skills to seek out irregularities in the ir companies financial statements.References1. Aderibigbe, P. (2000) The Role of forensic chartered Accountant in Nigeria. July, 2000.2. Crumbley H. (2003) Forensic and Investigative Accounting CCH Publishing3. Financial Restatements, General Accounting Office Report, 20024. Kessler International study (2002) Forensic accountants needed as economy worsens. Press disoblige5. Oremade, T. (1988) Auditing and Investigations, Lagos West Africa Books Publishers Limited.

Role of Private Universities in Bangladesh Higher Education

Role of privy Universities in Bangladesh Higher EducationRole of Private Universities in the Higher Education of Bangladesh A Case Study on USTC from St rollgic Marketing PerspectiveAbstractThe true growth of an economy depends on the phylogenesis of a nation and its citizens as human beings resources and higher development plays an inevitable role in untold(prenominal) context. Bangladesh is also not an exception to this. At present in that respect be much than 52 personal universities in the terra firma. Therefore, at present what matters in this connection is not the number tho the quality. A nice university mustiness watch quality breeding for its students. But to be an inter interior(a)istic standard institution of higher facts of life it is not an easy job for a university. USTC is such a university that has already established itself as a leading private university in Bangladesh with international reputation for excellence. In a decade, it has achieved exc ellence in tuition in different disciplines through and through its dynamic and effective academic leadership. Due to stiff rival in the education atomic number 18a in Bangladesh, private universities need to prove their quality and should begin constructive and effective marketing programs and strategies for the purpose of survival as well as expansion.. Marketing products and marketing operate are different. just about principles are the same, but marketing educational avails need to consider many additional factors, changing the emphasis in some areas. It is not appropriate to use a products model for services marketing, as many of the additional concepts and principles, solitary(prenominal) applicable to marketing educational services, whitethorn be ignored or forgotten. This is because a strategic marketing approach has been followed to reveal the real scenario and condition in nonpareil hand and suggest the appropriate marketing strategies on the other hand. It is important for USTC to incorporate business acumen and marketing without delay. USTC is beginning to experience the reality of the world of business and finance and, as the competition increases, the aspects such as formulating marketing planning in an appropriate and scientific manner, marketing the right educational services by the USTC, marketing of the USTC must be to the correct customers in the about appropriate places, the price of the educational packages should be right, marketing of USTC should be undertaken at the most effective time, etc., need to be ensured for well timed(p) consideration. This research paper examines the present situation of the USTC with a realistic evaluation of SWOT analysis aiming to develop constructive and effective educational service marketing plans, programs and strategies through the careful application and evaluation of strategic models and matrixes. This paper also includes key points which are found upon sound experience. There is a b rief compend of the changes in the education sector within the last ten years, which have resulted in the need for realistic marketing. The models used here include Ansoffs Matrix, capital of Massachusetts Consulting Groups Matrix and SWOT Analysis to make the strategic marketing plans, programs and strategies suggested for the private university industry in general and the USTC in particular more(prenominal) pragmatic and focused.1. IntroductionDistinguished economists and scientists have alluded to the importance of the growth of human k instantaneouslyledge through formal educational processes that plays significant role in the development of the economy of Bangladesh. Education is, of course, an investment for the future. A country that deliberately devotes a pro-portion of its resources for education and to improve the skills and abilities of its young people expects to see change in its sparing and favorable motion in the years ahead. Education is seen as the essential f actor for rapid economic growth and formal education controlled by the call forth as the indispensable instrument for improving the productive capacities of a population.Education or human resource development is termed as a powerful scape in achieving the economic development by providing the people with the necessary skills upon which development depends on. It spreads opportunity and take a shits hope, having a leveling and equalizing effect on society and creating a newfangledistic class of persons owing their position to education and ability rather than birth. Actually, the purpose of education is to bring economic, social, political, cultural development and also mental, environmental, physical development of human being. It bring changes in human behavior and social mobility. It is the best investment for human being. The public sector institutions of the country are in utter disarray. on a regular basis increasing petition and inadequate facilities, and additionally the absence of conducive atmosphere in the campuses are driving away large number of students e truly year to our neighboring country and elsewhere. And, of course, those who can afford are vent, and the rest leave their future on to their lucks. In such a frustrating situation, creating private sector facilities, under the provision of the Private University Act-1992, has brought a great relief for the students and their parents or guardians.Traditionally there has been little competition within higher education systems and it is opined that more tearing competition between similar institutions for faculty, students, and resources impart help improve standards by rewarding merit and performance. Competition also generally promotes beneficial innovations and overall quality improvements. It is also important to note that competition is exceedingly difficult to achieve through central decree, but requires a high degree of self-reliance for academic institutions, allowing them to exploit their strength and overcome weaknesses. Adequate market information is also essential without it, institutions go away continue to thrive even when are weak. process markets, and in particular educational provider markets, have changed significantly in the last 15 years in Bangladesh. Education providers in Bangladesh face intense competition and must, therefore, take a vigorous approach to marketing. As the importance of higher education increases more and more, it fits absolutely essential to formulate its overall objectives and goals, content, governance and strategies etc. It is important to integrate marketing into the everyday business of education provision, although marketing is frequently seen as difficult by education providers in Bangladesh. unity of the first actions for any education provider in Bangladesh is to define the term marketing. Faltermeyer (1994) suggests that many people, involved in the role of marketing, are not tho unable to define the ter m, but generally regard selling as being the same as marketing. Leppard and McDonald (1991) suggest that the brasss which attempt to subscribe to a honest marketing process willing be further along the pathway of evolutionary development, in terms of likely success for the education provider. It is important to think of that, although an education provider may have a marketing consultant, leader and/or co-coordinator, marketing is part of the role of all staffs utilise in the organization (academic institution). If the USTC intends to be successful, and remain so in the competitive market, it take to develop its marketing strategy carefully. When customers (students) begin to realize that other organizations (private universities) are able to slant high quality courses at prices (tuition fees and other charges) lower than those of the USTC, business will be lost. It is, therefore, vital for everyone in the private university industry in general and USTC in particular to posse ss and implement the marketing philosophy in their areas of concentration and to be student centric.2. Review of LiteratureThe positive role of private Universities in the higher education in Bangladesh is now undeniable (Siddique 2005). The epoch-making Private University Act was passed in 1992. To meet the increasing demand for higher education and develop skilled, efficient and sufficient manpower the then Government felt the need for establishing private universities and approved the Private University Act 1992. Islam S. (2003) states that education was seen as the essential factors for rapid economic growth and formal education controlled by the state, as the indispensable instrument for improving the production capacities of a population. near countries of the world are now lining the dilemmas of having to suffer the need of the increased demand for education (Islam S. 2003). Higher education system needs to be flexible if they are to be the most effective (Muzaffar A.T. a nd Khan A.H. 2004). Education systems need to be able to adapt quickly to changing enrolment levels, to the rise and fall of different fields of theme and to changes in the mix of skills demanded in the labor market. Muzaffar and Khan (2004) also argued that open systems are more likely to keep pace with significant external changes. empyrean (1991) proposed that the marketplace philosophy will be a necessity in education. Matin M.A. (2003) mentioned that still there is the necessity of many more private universities in the country, but they must not be allowed to grow in an unplanned way. It should be noted here that all the private universities operating in Bangladesh must take into account ethical considerations when developing their marketing plans and programs. Education providers provide various services to the students (customers) and they need to apply marketing tools and techniques at various levels. correspond to Kotler (1991) services marketing is any act of performan ce that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of any thing However as Kotler goes on to argue, no product is sold within the market place without an element of service which may comprise a major part of the actual offer. Giles (1990) suggests that in market economy countries, the service sector has increased more than other industries. Stanton (1978) and Cannon (1986) read that the service is the central point of any marketing, i.e. the precise product that the business is selling. There is, therefore, a wide variety of definitions. Stanton (1981) omits areas, such as credit facilities, from his definition. However, education providers may include credit facilities as an optional strategy to boost their uniqueness and the range of benefits that they can offer to the customer (student).An important point that needs recognition is that, if an organization wishes to be market driven, it must be close to the customer. To do t his effectively, it must adopt the principles of marketing. Levitt (1960) argues that satisfying the needs of the customer will create a cyclical process, which will generate further demand for the courses on offer. This parallels the Donabedian (1966) cycle of quality product-process-outcome and, indeed, the break down by Gronoroos (1984), who identified that there were three dimensions of service quality outcome-process-perception. Both Lovelock (1984) and Bateson (1989) contend that marketing services in the not-for-profit sectors and marketing services in the profit sector are substantially different, in that the objectives of the organizations will produce marketing programmes which are manifestly diverse. Services are identified by four characteristics that differential them from products. Zeithaml et al (1990) and Beaven and Scotti (1990) identified these characteristics as (a) intangibility (b) perishability (c) inseparability and (d) heterogeneity. Some authors consider a fifth characteristic, the issue of ownership (Lovelock, 1984 Cowell, 1991). Many leading authors suggest that there are limited applications for using a traditional marketing model for services (Shostack, 1977 Gronroos, 1978 Lovelock, 1981). They argue that the models, or tools, used for products cannot be simply transferred to services. Octon (1983) states that to define a not for profit sector organization is rather difficult, and such departments within universities need to make a profit in arrangement to remain viable. With the ever increasing demands on the Universities budgets, cost effectiveness is clearly on the agenda.3. Rationale of the StudyIn the business strategy of any service provider organization, be it profit relate or a not-for-profit sector organization, there are fundamental requirements. The USTC must develop an effective marketing strategy so that its objectives are clearly focused and the customer segmentation it intends to serve is appropriately identified . Within this marketing strategy or marketing plan, the organization should be able to define its competitive edge, i.e. what advantages it has over its competitors. This marketing plan will also act as a set of sales forecasts and a budget by providing a solid framework for the marketing activities of the USTC. To adopt such a strategy means that the personnel required to develop marketing plans based on the expert knowledge and experience regarding the market issues, such as the competition, the customers and the best way to provide and consolidate the niche in the market that has been recognized. Unfortunately, as education providers in Bangladesh move into the business arena, there is tendency to believe that no additional guidance or support is required to undertake this co-ordination and lead in marketing. This may then lead to marketing being conceived as a separate function, which has nothing to do with the achievement of the corporate business strategy and therefore, the mi ssion statement. Moreover it is assumed that present marketing strategies of USTC is not up to the mark to gain competitive advantages in the very dynamic and challenging market. Considering the present condition and the importance of marketing this paper will emphasize on the development of a service centric comprehensive and constructive strategic marketing approach, policies and active plans.4. Objectives of the StudyThe objective of the paper is to bring into focus the marketing issues that need to be taken into account by the private universities in general and the USTC in particular. It will investigate the prevailing marketing system, as employed by the USTC and how to utilize the strengths and opportunities and deal with the recent problems related to marketing and business.5. Scope of the StudyThe present study is confined to the review of the present condition and construction of a marketing plan for the USTC. The study will not be limited to the present data alone. The f uture growth of the USTC will be stipulation due consideration. The limit of the future growth of the study will be decided by mutual agreement between USTC and the management of research team. Although the USTC is facing problem from the various types of management, administration and marketing issues, this paper will concentrate only on the strategic issues of educational service marketing. The study area will be limited within Chittagong and Dhaka. However, the study will include all the faculties and departments of the USTC to make the study more pragmatic and focused.6. Methodology of the StudyThe study is based on both the primary and secondary data for an in-depth survey of various departments of the USTC. A sampling plan and questionnaire have been prepared for the collection of the primary data. alternate data available in the various research reports and the data base of the USTC have also been considered. Questionnaires have been distributed to the randomly selected stu dents, officers, teachers, administrator and other important stakeholders of the USTC. reference of intellectuals, people from various professions will help evaluating their opinions on problem that they face in the USTC and other private universities in Bangladesh. The students under a course work assignment have been divided as field workers into a number of groups to visit various departments and faculties for collecting and recording the opinions of the concerned and evaluating their operations and marketing functions. In the study to develop effective and comprehensive marketing programs and strategies, the BGC Model, Anosoffs Matrix, and SWOT Analysis have been conducted.7. Scenario of Higher Education in BangladeshMost of the higher education providing institutions in the developing world are in the public sector. They are built, financed and staffed by the government. Since about 1950 there has been a rapid acceleration in the rate of growth of demand for educational servic es at all levels, the most notable at the level of higher education in the college and university level. In Bangladesh the demand for educational services started increasing since early 80s. As per Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, in 1992 the number of medical colleges, engineering colleges and universities were 17 (Govt. 13, Non Govt-4), all Govt. and 17 (Govt. 11. non govt. 6) respectively. But only a small percentage of these students gets the opportunity for higher education in the country. Besides, vast majority of those having higher education cannot find job opportunity. These clearly indicate the discrepancy between the need and the resources. This is not the whole truth. The education offered today is vastly non-productive. Hence, the existing educational system has produced a large population of amend unemployed.It is now an admitted fact that no Government can employ all educated people both in the developing and the developed countries. While a country needs a large num ber of technically pendant persons in the various fields, the number of this group is far too small to satisfy the need of the country. This is applicable for all branches of technical education e.g. medical, engineering, agricultural, pharmaceutical, business studies. In fact in all technical branches need many more qualified personnel than are available today. And yet avenues for education in these specific fields are limited. As a result, the number of Bangladeshi students studying foreign is almost three times more than the number studying in all our Universities, Engineering and medical exam Colleges. These are the rich and the privileged groups. They do not suffer the consequences and in fact they take it as a pride to send their boys and girls for studies abroad. Not even for moment they think how much they are depriving the country of the hard earned foreign exchange and degrading the prestige of the nation in the eyes of the outside world. What is even more important is that the outcomes of such ventures are nothing less than fatal for the country. Most of these students who are trained abroad are a great loss for the nation and some of them even quiver to identify themselves as Bangladeshis. Bringing up in a different cultural environment where family link is too loose and the religious bondage is very weak it is rather too much to think of bringing them back to their homeland.8. Background of the USTCThe journey of USTC began on May 13, 1989 with the establishment of the Institute of Applied health Sciences (IAHS) along with 42 students. It continued to function as an Institute under the University of Chittagong. The University of Science and engineering science Chittagong (USTC) was established as a full-fledged Private University short after the Private University Act 1992 came into force when IAHS became its constituent body. The Janasheba Foundation was its sponsoring organization and National professor Dr. Nurul Islam was appointed as t he Founder Vice Chancellor of the USTC by the Chancellor of the University and the President of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Since then USTC started functioning with two faculties, namely, the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Basic Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. The MBBS and B. Pharm (Hon.) Programs are offered by these two faculties. These two faculties have been doing more than expectations and it is a matter of pride that the USTC has almost 33% foreign students today. The USTC has opened up a new-fashioned horizon for the business community of the country by launching a new faculty en call The Faculty of Business Administration which is indeed, another foolhardy step by the USTC in fulfilling its mission of expansion of higher education through private initiative. Another Faculty entitled Faculty of Science. Engineering and Technology (Department of Computer Science and Engineering) has been functioning with encouraging response from the students.As global e conomies and communities in transition continue to present new challenges to solve, the necessity of lifelong acquire continues to grow. Considering this USTC started operating in Bangladesh to develop unique and innovative programs, to provide learners of Bangladesh with new skills and capabilities and to tap into the emerging knowledge of our complex and changing world. The USTC is significantly able to declare international linkages as well and it also remains solely dedicated to placing knowledge in the hands and minds of the learners.Sources of Fund and Janasheba Foundation Over and above the donations accredited from some philanthropists and the Anwara Nur Welfare Trust, obligatory contribution by the guardians for the development activities in addition to admission fees have been the financial resources of the institution so far. In order to safeguard the interest and protect the project, the need for establishing a trust (Foundation) was keenly felt. Janasheba Foundation was thus formed and registered with the Societies Act XXI of 1860 in 1991 with National Professor (Dr) N. Islam as its Founder Chairman. Activities of the Foundation include Community wellness, Social Welfare and Technical Education. The USTC is thus a logical outcome of this program.IAHS/USTC in International gathering IAHS became reputedly known at International level because of its Founder-Chairman the renowned National Professor Dr. Nurul Islam. In 1978 there was a major International Conference at Almaata which recommended expansion of Community Based Medical Education. The Coordinator of this effort was an organization in the Netherlands namely University of Limberg Mastrichtt City. It formed a Network of Community Based Educational Institutions for Health Science (in short Network). This Network was recognized by WHO and it was engaged in speedy expansion of Community Based Medical Education in the eastern hemisphere and the West. The then Secretary General of this Netwo rk Dr. Jacobus M. Gritt invited proposed IAHS to join the Network in October 1985 after hearing about the proposed IAHS activities and programmes from Dr. Nurul Islam Dr. Islam promptly submitted an application of membership on behalf of IAHS to the political science of the Network. In 1986 the executive Committee of the Network granted Associate Membership to IAHS. That membership prompted the actual establishment of IAHS with the crowned success. In September 1987 Dr. Nurul Islam being invited by the Network attended its conference in Patia (Thailand) and took the opportunity to evaluate the experience of different countries in community based medial education. In 1990 from October 7 to 12 this Network held its Second International Symposium on Problem Based Learning. In this conference Prof. Nurul Islam joined along with one teacher and two students from IAHS. make Status of USTC Located at the picturesque site near Foys Lake, the USTC has opened up a new horizon for the quality medical, pharmaceutical, business and new(a) technology education in the country. The primary objectives of establishing USTC are to improve the quality and standard of education in Science and Technology with special emphasis on medical, pharmaceutical and social sciences. It also aims at developing human resources at home and in the developing countries with special emphasis on the South-East Asia. The USTC is now operating through four faculties which are (i) the Faculty of Medicine (ii) the Faculty of Basic Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iii) the Faculty of Business Administration and (iv) the Faculty of advanced Science and Technology. The number of students of the USTC is more than 1500 of which more than 350 are from abroad including nationals of India, Jordan, Nepal, Malaysia, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, KSA, Sadan and UAE. The teacher student ratio is 18 on an average.The courses offered in the USTC are MBBS, B. Pharm., B.Sc. in Computer Science and Tec hnology and BBA. After passing the final MBBS examination, the doctors get provisional registration with the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council (BMDC) to take part in one year internship training as intern. After satisfactory completion of the training, they get permanent registration with the BMDC. Having had the privilege of establishing the university with IAHS as its first institute, the USTC did not have much difficulty in expanding its infrastructure. USTC is the first among the private universities which has it own infrastructure facilities including academic building, 250 bed hospital, large ad modern central depository library with a modern auditorium and two residential halls of which one is for female and the other for male. Female students reside in Gulmeher Hall and foreign students are accommodated in Sayedur Rahman International Hall. The hospital titled Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital is going to be extended into and another 500-bed Unit-II medical complex. Construc tion work is going to start a second campus of USTC in Dhaka. situation by side within a short time two post graduate programs, MBA and Family Medicine Diploma are now running in the Dhaka Campus.The academic plan of USTC is based on UGC approved courses and curriculum in which lectures are supplemented by tutorials, demonstrations and practical science lab assignments. Sufficient lecture halls, tutorial rooms and laboratory facilities are available for all departments. The hospital is recognized by the Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons to offer postgraduate training in Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics and Pathology. Existing laboratory facilities are as per requirement of the BMDC and are now being expanded for OPD and indoor patients. USTC has academic partnership programmes with several foreign institutions. The USTC central library is going to be the largest medical library in Bangladesh with more than five thousand books, four thousand journals, and other resource ma terials. A newsletter is published from the library containing news about the university activities and useful information for the general practitioners in easily understandable way for health education.The focus of USTC education is its MBBS degree which lays emphasis on community exposure from the very beginning. The purpose is to produce physicians capable of working in a rural setup with limited facilities in different social environments. This helps in the growth of leadership among the trainees. The MBBS degree is recognized by the Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council, World Health Organization, General Medical Council of Great Britain, Ireland Medical Council, etc. USTC is a member of the International Network of Community Oriented Health Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands. And the B. Pharm. Degree is recognized by the Bangladesh Pharmacy Council. The present status and well-situated success of USTC is achieved by the members of the institution, under the strong leadership of Prof. (Dr) N. Islam.At present the USTC is a dynamic private university of further and higher education set on an exciting global expansion. It gives the students not only the opportunity to attain an internationally recognized degree but also to grow a knowledgeable and competent individual. This is because students study in a multi-cultural environment and get the chance to have a one-to-one professional relationship with the lecturers and management as a whole. Choosing the USTC today will definitely make the student a better person tomorrow. Since 1992 thousands of students have successfully taken the programs of USTC and utilized their qualifications to reach the highest levels in their chosen professions. A qualification gained through the USTC is a key to a successful and exciting future.9. FindingsIt has been revealed from the study that the journey of the private university industry in Bangladesh is now going through the growth phase of its l ife cycle. So, a substantial amount of work is required to be done. However, the following points may be considered worthwhile for the successful performance of this industry in Bangladesh.9.1 To cope with the societal needs and therefore, to become a center of excellence for medicine, hospitality management, business management, marketing, information technology, shipping and the other related fields in the education sectors, a number of creative leaders among the academicians and administrators of the private industry in general and the USTC in particular have to be developed who will actively contribute to learning and creation of knowledge.9.2 USTC is a truly international institution of higher learning, attracting students from many different cultural and pagan backgrounds. USTC reflects the needs of the global economy and world for well-trained professionals, able to speak English and one or more other languages with a solid International education combined with an internatio nal cultural background. Such graduates of USTC have excellent prospects of employment in the reputed companies in the various professions like Doctors, Executives, Pharmacists, Academician, IT Professional and many other professions. Prof. N. Islam wants to ensure that the USTC leading and representing the private university industry will make a significant contribution towards better international understanding by educating students in an international environment and preparing them for international careers.9.3 The need of the individual student is taken very seriously and every effort is made to create a positive learning environment. Most of the USTC Professors have, in addition to their distinguished academic background, practical professional experience in their areas of concentration. Prof. (Dr) N. Islam is committed that the USTC will not only train and prepare students exhaustively for their future professional tasks, and give them a sound educational background but also will consciously prepare them for their future leadership role. This is achieved not only through special courses and seminars on leadership, but also is emphasized in the context of regular coursework. The faculties and administration of USTC are committed to the goal that students become imbued with the entrepreneurial spirit. At USTC the leader wants to prepare each student to take initiative and venture out on his or her own. The educational effort at USTC puts special emphasis on developing international and cross cultural competencies through acquiring foreign language skills.9.4 To improve the quality and standard of education in Science and Technology USTC has given special emphasis on the development of sound Computer, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Social Sciences Programs and courses.9.5 To become a truly international institution attracting students from all cultural and ethnic backgrounds, USTC has already established alliance with the various associations and social insti tutions of the South-East Asia region and the Middle East.9.6 All the students both national and international get benefited from the professionalism, knowledge and expertise of the faculty members and administrators of USTC.9.7 To draw more attention from the students and the society USTC accepts the transfer of credits of the equivalent courses or programs of the UGC recognized universities.9.8 In its all degree programs USTC has included a wide range of subjects which will familiarize the students with th

Impact of policy on practice

Impact of insurance on approach patternIn assign to principal(prenominal)tain confidentiality the names used in this piece of work defy been anonymised.The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate the knowledge and understanding of the impact that insurance policy and specifically Child protection (CP) policy has made on professional practice. I w chastisement identify and analyse an incident associated with baby bird security department in practice which will enable a intelligence to debate appropriate local, case and international perspectives. I will also consider the impact of policy on other(a) professionals voluminous in the event. Further more than I will use PEST analysis as a framework to explore the impact of policy on practice.Pest analysis is described by Mindtools, 2009 as a simple, useful and widely-used tool that servicings you understand the big picture of your Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological environment. It is used by business l eaders worldwide to build their vision of the future and likewise can be used by practitioners to attain best practice to pass positive emergecomes for individuals.The practice placement that is the focus of this assignment is a mixed senior school of predominantly works class white students aged 11 18. The incident that occurred was discussed between a female pupil known as Beth Jones aged 12 years and a student brotherly worker (SSW). epoch in a 11 mentoring session Beth disclosed that her mother Elaine Jones had pushed her down the stairs in her lieu that morning. Beth was traumatised and give tongue tod that she was fearful to return to her home that day.Recently, the views within the UK concerning the status of children reserve been wide-ranging and this has had some impact on policy and practice. At a socio-cultural level children are now viewed as having the capabilities to subscribe to in building and constructing their own lives and opinions experience swayed tow ards autonomy of women and in particular of children. In todays society, through the emergence of feminist writers especially on airs such as patriarchy and domestic violence, children are viewed as indep kiboshents rather than being the property of men. This has been reinforced through changes in the political economy of welfare where societys perceptions of children have alter towards children being independent service users whose wishes and preferences have been given greater importance. (Armstrong, et al 1991).The introduction of the Human Rights impress 1998 also undertakes that children now have sound rights. (WHO, 1998). The edge Gillick competent is used to describe a child under the age of 16 who is judged to be of a sufficient understanding and intelligence to be clear of making up his own mind on the matter requiring decision (Smith, 1996 p52) thus enabling young people like Beth to be determined. The practice insinuation for this is that when taking into consider ation the opinions and wishes of the child, it must first be established what those wishes and views are and thusly whether those wishes and views are to be considered, or acted on, based on whether the child is deemed to have a safe enough understanding of the implications of their decisions.Every child living in this country is entitled to protection from abuse regardless of his or her background. With the help of the Children Act 1989, and the recommendations made by Lord Laming, (Every Child Matters, 2004), child services within the UK have been given the bureau to act when they feel a child is being abused. capital of Seychelles Climbi aged 8 died from 128 injuries at the hands of her finaglers in February 2000. The investigatory inquiry into her death conducted by Lord Laming discovered many instances where professionals including business enterprise managers had failed to fulfil their roles and numerous flaws where professional networks had failed to protect Victoria du ring the last months of her life. Laming criticised the lack of professionalism and cooperation between agencies (Laming, 2003 S.1.30) the Laming Enquiry, lay the foundations for the Every Child Matters Green opus published in 2003.In the U.K. the Children Act 1989 aimed to introduce key changes for practice by focusing on principles such as paramountcy of the child, partnership and parental responsibility as intimately as child protection and family support and the rights of the family against the rights of the child. This has lead to increasing pressures on social workers who have to prove that they have been empowering, anti oppressive and supportive to those involved in their topics. Within the U.K. these policies afford children considerable rights as individuals and these are considered primarily before those of the parents in child protection matters. This has led to a predominantly rights-based legal approach where social workers hold considerable amounts of power. (Arc hard el al 2002).Farnfield (1998, p53) talks about children as consumers and the difficulty which many social workers have in equilibrate the rights of the parents with the rights of the child. Given the drive towards working in partnership with parents in childcare and inclusion of all relevant parties when working within a social care field, it may be difficult, when working with families, to remain focussed on the issue of whom the client is and whose interests are best being served by any particular extend of feat. Trevithick (2005, p229) discusses a particular case where she was having difficulty in establishing a good relationship with parents in a child protection case. The issue of having the agenda of defend the children was identified as a stumbling block in the establishment of a rapport with the parents. Brayne and Martin (1999) however argue that, from a legal perspective, in child protection cases the primary client must always be the child. This is borne-out by t he policy document Working Together to Safeguard Children which states that professionals should work co-operatively with parents unless this is inconsistent with the sine qua non to ensure the childs safety. This is also compatible with the ethos of child centred practice in placing the child first.Article 19 of the UN convention on the rights of the child states governments should ensure that children are properly cared for and protect them from violence, abuse and neglect by their parents or anyone else who looks after them. The Human Rights Act 1998 is linked to the implementation of no-smacking policies and states that every child has the right not to suffer ill treatment or cruel, unusual punishment.(Flynn, 2004. p.41). As Beth disclosed to the SSW that she has been physically abused, the SSW refers the disclosure to the Child Protection police officer. In line with the Data Protection Act 1998 the study is kept confidential as it is not necessary that any other member of s taff need to know about the case at that time. As a egress of the deaths of Jessica Chapman and Holly Wells in 2004 the Bichard Report was published and made recommendations about how breeding is shared and stored.Child protection information on a pupil is filed in a separate area to the school file and can only be accessed by the child protection officer and shared with other professionals in a need to know basis a positive impact of policy to protect confidentiality of vulnerable children.Undoubtedly the close to significant development in childcare policy in Britain over the past twenty-five years has been the preoccupation with child abuse (Alcock et al 1998). in addition it can be suggested that this increase in concern can be seen in all major European countries and constitutes a major key issue in this area of social policy. This concern has not only been emphasised through the formal and legal frameworks of society but also by the ecumenical public.As stated above the r ise in concern with child abuse has been evident from the late 60s and early 70s. It is from then that child abuse has dumbfound identified as a social problem (Alcock et al 1998) mainly through high-publicised cases of child abuse victims. The high profile case of Maria Colwell who died in 1973 after serious injuries were inflicted upon her at her home whilst under the supervision of social services demonstrates this point in effect. Even today 30 years on this case is still being analysed and discussed. When identifying the key issues within child protection it is important to consider the concept of balance. This is a main concern for all countries who find themselves victims of each jumping in too quickly with overzealous assumptions, or on the other hand holding off too long and in the end delaying intervention until in some cases it is too late.Any major piece of legislation develops in response to a variety of influences. (Hill, M. and Aldgate, J. 1996). In the U.K. for exa mple, the Childrens Act 1989 was the result of a number of influential factors. One of the biggest influences, which have already been mentioned, is that of the wave of child abuse tragedies that occurred over the years. The public inquiries and the amount of media attention that arose because of these cases shed lighthearted upon the inadequacies of practice and previous policies. Cases such as Jasmine Beckford and Kimberley Carlisle and the Orkney and Cleveland inquiries impacted public perceptions and professional practice and shaped the responses of the U.K.s policies to the problem of child abuse. The social reaction prompted those in power to reassess their protection schemes and to readdress the issues of evidenced based practice within their policy changes. concord to Alcock et al. these high publicised inquiries, led to the promulgation of extensive procedural steering at central and local levels to social welfare and other agencies designed to avoid repetition of traged y and scandal (Alcock et al 1998).Back to the scenario with Beth, after discussion with the child protection officer, a decision is made to make a referral to social services. polity states that any disclosure of physical abuse results in step that must be taken to protect the child. This may produce an emergency protection order as she is deemed to be at chance of harm if she returns to her mothers care. A social workers main aim in the U.K. is to guarantee young people like Beths right to protection from harm and if necessary will battle with parents and other agencies to fulfil this.In comparison, Europe and specifically France, children have not been accorded as many individual rights independently of their family. Their position is a result of the traditional state and family perspective. The French policies have adapted to this cultural opinion and have enforced that child protection work should be focused on the family and that children should be considered not as an indiv idual but as part of the family. Traditionally the focus is that the parents are superior to the children giving them the rights of decisions, protection and care. This is the view of French society where their main concern is arresting the birth family together and taking risks is acceptable. It can be suggested that in France a humanistic model (Parton ,cited in Armstrong et al 1991) is followed to a reliable degree. The countrys view that social factors are very likely to be involved in child abuse cases is evident in their policies, which apply preventative, counselling and sanative approaches. Examples of this can include the forcing of families to co-operate at the intervention stage, which is unheard of in Britain. One of the main concerns of this system is the fact that in most cases the Childrens Judge does not hear the childs wishes and views, and if they are heard they are poorly represented. In the U.K. as stated the protective attitude of society is reflected in thei r policies that recognise the state as having devise responsibility for protecting children when the parents have failed. If Beth were in France she would not be given an independent voice and a right to immediate protection without a full family investigation.The protective U.K. system appears to have disadvantages, Cooper proves this point by highlighting that in France there has never been any highly publicised cases of abuse as in Britain therefore there has never been a lack of confidence in social work. The positive aspect of French child protection policy is a constructive public perception which eases tensions within the social worker and family relationship and also encourages co-operation of the family. It was also found that French social workers have a, consistent, bank professional relationship at the centre of their professional aims whereas in the U.K. social workers are mainly concerned with whether parents are guilty or innocent and with the toil of collecting ev idence this impacts on UK social workers as they are on the receiving end of accusations and abuse and stereotypical blame. (Cooper, A. 1994 p59-67).Effective discourse is essential for organisations to be successful. It is the influence by which information is exchanged between one group or person and another, by computer, telephone, letter, meetings, text, fax or face to face. The deaths of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman in sublime 2002 sparked the Bichard enquiry into child protection procedures in the Humberside Police and Cambridgeshire Constabulary in the light of the trial and conviction of Ian Huntley for the murder of the two young girls. He had antecedently been suspected of committing sexual assaults on at least eight occasions and at the age of 21 Ian Huntley had sexual relationships with at least three 15-year-old girls for whom social services were aware but failed to communicate this information to the police. If the police had been aware of this information, this may have shown up when vetting checks were being carried out on Huntley and may have stopped him from getting a job at the school that the girls had attended. In December 2003 the Humberside Police said the main reason for this was because of the Data Protection Act. info about dealings with Ian Huntley had not been available to them during vetting checks. This inquiry also stated that the problem was due to the police not having been told about this legislation regarding information about the person being vetted. A report stated that police officers were nervous about breaching the legislation, partly at least because too little was done to organize and reassure them about its impact. Michael Bichard labelled it an inelegant and cumbersome piece of legislation and the judiciary stated that better guidance is needed on the collection, retention, deletion, use and sacramental manduction of information, so that police officers, social workers and other professionals can feel more confident in using information properly. This simply indicates the importance of effective communication. The information system may have been used to its full potential if the officers had been aware of the limits of the Data Protection Act. Ian Huntleys date of birth had been entered into the system incorrectly. If this information had been entered correctly then they would have been aware of his past behaviour. This would effectively stop him working in the school and the girls trusting him as a safe adult. The PNC (Police National Computer) only check against the name Ian Nixon (an alias)and not Ian Huntley. An Information system can fail completely without correct information from the end user, highlighting the systems reliance on good communication with its users. (Bichard Inquiry, 2004).The Children Act 2004 empowered the Secretary of State for Education to create a database (or databases) of everyone in England who is aged under 18. In July 2007, the regulations that will bring this first national database of children into being were passed by Parliament. The government has announced that the database will be called ContactPoint. It was originally known as the Information-Sharing Index, but re-branded in February 2007 because of negative publicity about information sharing. ContactPoint is effectively a file-front that serves the whole range of agencies that may be involved with a child. It is intended to provide a complete directory of all children from birth, together with a list of the agencies with which s/he is in contact. It will not hold any case records, but will enable practitioners to indicate their involvement with a family and contact each other in order to share information. It will also show whether an eCAF (an in-depth personal profile under the Common Assessment Framework) has been carried out and is available for sharing. A response from teachers in local schools have indicated that agencies are finding the procedure confusing with l ong waiting times for an initial reaction for services. Another negative criticism of this policy as stated by Searing, 2007 the danger is that once social work has become more closely aline with an inter-agency system of surveillance and monitoring of families most people will be less open and trusting towards social workers and this will make their job more difficult thus progress negative impact on the social worker role.The Governments response to the Laming Enquiry was almost immediate with the production of the Green Paper Every Child Matters 2004. In conjunction with Every Child Matters (ECM) is The Children Act 2004, which is in addition to the original Act 1989. The Act encompasses several components based on recommendations from the Laming Report and is responsible for promoting a partnership between agencies working with children including health, education and social care in a more cohesive manner (Allen, 2008). According to Smith the Children Act 1989 (CA, 1989) simp lified all pre-existing legislation in relation to children and families. It imposed new duties on local authorities relating to the identification and sound judgement of children in need, and gave all Local Authorities new responsibilities for looked after children. The introduction of the Act also provided the Court with Emergency Protection Orders to protect children at risk of harm which replaced the Place of Safety Orders. Smith (2001) argues that the Children Act was particularly relevant because for the first time it placed more emphasis upon the importance of inter-agency collaborative working as a means of responding to the needs of both children and their families. This policy provided immediate protection to Beth, initiated within the school environment and in collaboration with social services, a good example of interagency working. If Beth had not been listened to or taken seriously she would be at risk of raise abuse and may not disclose further abuse due to lack of support.It is important that professionals and agencies co-operate and work together in child protection cases so that all the relevant and correct information is available, and accurate in order to help and support the child. In recent cases, specifically that of Victoria Climbie, this was not done and therefore Victoria was put at further harm, and subsequently died when she could have been saved if the agencies had worked effectively and shared information. This is why the Every Child Matters legislation came about, to try and prevent this in the future. Children at risk need coordinated help from health, education, social services and other agencies, including youth justice services. These professionals are required to work together in order to protect the children and keep them safe, and to help bring to justice the perpetrators of crimes against children. As a result of Every Child Matters, now children known to more than one agency will have a single named professional to lea d their case. This has proved to be an effective tool in Beths scenario as guidance enables the professionals within the school to take action immediately to protect her as she was placed on an emergency protection order. Even though the policy is over five years old, when applied effectively stops a child falling through the net. Policy has shaped the care for this service user and had a significant impact on her outcome.ReferencesAllen, N. (2008) reservation Sense of the Children Act 1989, 4th ed. West Sussex John Wiley Sons.Alcock, P. Erskine, A. and May, M. (1998) The Students Companion to Social Policy Blackwell PublishersArmstrong, H. and Hollows, A. (1991) in Hill, M. (Ed) Social Work and the European Community the Social Policy and Practice Contexts. London Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 142-161Brayne, H. Martin, G (1999) Law for Social Workers (6ed). London BlackstoneBichard, M. Sir. (2004 April 21), The Bichard Inquiry An Independent Inquiry arising from the Soham murders , (The Bichard Inquiry), Available http//www.bichardinquiry.org.uk/, (Accessed May 2009).Children Act 1989- Section 47.Children Act 1989 (c.41). www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts1989/Ukpga w19 expose 2009.Cooper, A. (1994) In Care or En Famille? Child Protection, the Family and the state in France and England. Social Work in Europe. Volume1No.1.Davies, M. (2002 p107) Companion to Social Work. (2nd). London Blackwell. (Data Protection Act 1984 and 1998).DfES (2006) What to do if youre worried a child is being abused. Summary. Crown Copyright. Department of Health, Home Office, Department for Education and Employment, 1999Every Child Matters (2003) Every Child Matters (2005) flat coat to Every Child Matters (http//www.everychildmatters.co.uk/aims/background Accessed online 17/01/2009Farnfield, S (1998) The rights and wrongs of social work with children and young people in Cheetham, J. and Kazi, M.A.F (eds.) The Working of Social Work. London Jessica KingsleyFlynn, H. (2004) Protecting Child ren. Heinemann.Hill, M and Aldgate, J (1996) The Children Act 1989 and Recent Developments in Research in England and Wales, in Hill, M. and Aldgate, J. (Eds.) Child Welfare Services Developments in Law, Policy, Practice and Research, London Jessica Kingsley PublishersLord Laming.2003. The Victoria Climbie inquiry. Crown Londonhttp//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_09.htmSearing, H (2008). The Crisis in Social Work The Radical Solution. Available at http//www.radical.org.uk/barefoot/crisis.htm (Accessed May 2009)Smith P (1999) upkeep for Children and FamiliesTrevithick, P. (2005) Social Work Skills.2nd ed. Berkshire Open University Press.World Health Organisation (WHO)BibliographyBurton S., (1997) When Theres a Will Theres a Way Refocusing Child Care Practice A Guide for Team Managers London National Childrens BureauLondon Borough of Greenwich and Greenwich Health Authority (1987) The Kimberley Carlile ReportCleveland Report (1988) Report of the Inquiry into child abuse in C leveland 1987 London HMSOGeneral Assembly of the United Nations (1989) The Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 November 1989. (UN Convention) http//www.unicef.org/crc/text.htmParton, N. (1996) Social Work, jeopardy and the Blaming System in N. Parton (ed.) Social Theory, Social Change and Social Work, London Routledge Kegan Paul.Trotter, C. (2004) Helping Abused Children And Their Families, London.

Media Portrayal Of Religious Minorities Cultural Studies Essay

Media Portrayal Of ghostly Minorities Cultural Studies EssayIn this modern society, media can be seen in every corner of the world. At the same time, its influence is also touching on everything and every people of the world no matter it is the majority or minorities. comparability with the majority, minorities argon disadvantage group. What is the medias portrayal on phantasmal minorities? Some people often stated that media just provide an overall controvert portrayal of religious minorities. Is it true? This is also the master(prenominal) subject of this essay.For illustrating this topic clearly, maiden part of this write up pass on state about the concept of religious minorities through with(predicate) explaining the haggle of religious and minorities. Following it, it is a part about the medias main features in the minorities area. With so many different cases and comparative analysis ways, this part go out entrap that in the minorities area, the medias language, con tent, mainstream value and channel all are different from the medias transmitting in the majority area. Next part of this essay is the main topic of this paper, which will choke the general portrayal of media on the religious minorities through quantitative approach and cases analysis. With all the above analysis in detail, the last part of this paper will tell about the conclusion of this topic. Through the different cases and quantitative approach, the author of this paper thought that although in the history of homosexual being, media did not give enough attention on the religious minorities while along with the time going, more and more people began concerning about this topic. What is more, media is also not just providing the negative portrayal to the religious minorities it also brings the positive description to the religious minorities.As a small essay, this paper mainly uses the case approach and quantitative approach, these both main methods to analyze the relative top ics. Besides with these two methods, comparative analysis is another method which has been used in the whole papers editing and composition process.Although this paper has been finished smoothly, there are still some limitations of this paper. Such as the studying areas are limited, just about the minorities in China and the States the studying scope is not very comprehensive, just focus on religious theories transmitting and religious ceremonies hosting while the minorities religious feeling as a hard topic to analyze with little data to reason or with little case to argue, this paper neglects it.Even with these limitations, this paper still has some advantages to be read. For the following researchers, it will be a good reference in the cases and quantitative area to reason about the medias influence on the religious minorities.2.0 treatment2.1 Concept of religious minoritiesFor discussing about the medias portrayal on religious minorities, the religious minorities should be exp lained first. It can be seen as the basement to understand the topic of this paper.Religious is a part of culture phenomenon. It can be seen as a motley of society ideology. In most of the time, pietism is seen as a kind of faith that people worship the God who exists supernaturally and has the supernatural power to control this world. Besides with this type of definition toward the religion, some other people believes that religion also can be seen as a type of ceremony to worship some human being, who might exist in the history of human being. Comparing with the first God Religion, this can be called as Human Religion and the human religion is more rational. In this paper, the religion is defined as the God religion (Michael J. Breen, 2001).Toward the God religion, there are more than ten types of religions in the whole world. The religion minorities refer to the religion those minorities trusting or believing.No doubt it, minorities is a word comparing to the majorities. It is smaller than the majorities in the quantity. For example, in China, Han nationality is the majority, while Hui, Miao, Zang, Zhuang and so many other nationalities are the minorities toward Han (Yang Fuquan, 2003). In USA, White American is the majorities Black, Asian and Hispanics are the minorities.2.2 Definition of MediaAfter stating about the religion and minorities, this part will tell some basic content of the media. Media is a carrier or a tooling of the informations transmitting and spreading. It includes so many different types, such as newspaper, television, cinema, broadcasting, magazine, internet, books, advertisement etc. (Manoucheka Celeste, 2005).No matter for human beings nutriment or for the societys development, media does fun great role and affect the outside heavily. Through different program or different articles, it changes human beings living gradually. No doubt it, the mighty nationalities will play greater roles in the media area. This is decided by their positions in the media industry and their stronger cultures. Comparing with the mighty nationalities, minorities will sit in the poor situation. Their cultures cannot be set forth and reflected like the majorities in the media. Some people unconstipated said that media provides the negative portrayal on the minorities culture. Whether is it true? Following part will reason it through different cases and data2.3 Medias main features in the minorities areaMedia widely exits in this world, not only in the majorities area but also in the minorities area. For illustrating the topic of this paper, over here, this paper will give some information about the medias features in the minorities area.Considering about profit and audiences acceptance, media always put the majorities feeling in the first position. Most of time, media use the majorities language as the transmitting tooling. So many times, they did not consider about the minorities language. For example, in China, there are 16 cha nnels. 14 channels of 16 are broadcasted with Chinese 1 channel is broadcasted with English another 1 is broadcasted with Spanish and French. There is take down no channel broadcasted with the minorities language, even there are 55 other minorities in China. There even is not any channel broadcasted with their language of CCTV (Li Qin, 2005). Even like this, in the minorities living area, such as Tibet Autonomous State, the media are transmitted with both languages, i is the Tibetan language and the other one is Chinese.Besides with the language, most of media put their main attention on the relative living, news or other cultures related with the majorities, rarely mentioning the minorities, just like the past researchers said that even minorities are mentioned, they are represented as others. In the minorities area, although some of minorities living will be reported, most of times, the majorities living and culture is the main content. According to Bradley S. Greenberg Jeffrey E. Brands study in 1998, even in 6 cities of Southwest USA, Hispanic Americas takes up 20-65% population there are only 10% local news related to the Hispanic Americas.If the contents are rarely related with the minorities, let alone the minorities living values or religions. Sometimes even the religions are described they are portrayed in a negative way, such as the outdated, benighted, savage or uncivilized etc. What is more, because of medias widely reported about the majorities living, values and other cultures aspect, as one special civilization and culture in the world, the cultures of minorities are suffered widely and seriously assaulting. With this situation, so many minorities civilization died away. Some minorities language even disappears in this potpourri world.

Ancient Native American Traditions Essay -- History culture Indians Es

Ancient Native American Traditions The novel Reservation Blues does not hound or deal with real Indians. The real Native Americans were forever destroyed by the government the arcsecond that they set foot upon the makeshift reservation. That very second saw the perish of all the age-long values and traditions that, before that moment, defined, raised, and watched over every Indian boy and girl, every Indian husband and wife, and every Indian have and mother. The U.S. government easily and nonviolently accomplished what the army has been struggling to do for many years, it wiped out a whole race of people, turning them into a insensible horde that was of concern to no one. The result were people who were hardly more Indian than you or me, people without culture, morals, or traditions these people were lost. The only thing they had in common was the color of their skin and nothing else. This paper takes a look at ancient Native American traditions such as maven, storytelling, com munication with nature, and dress in their culture and shows how they were all but absent from this particular reservation and the mindsets of its inhabitants.The greatest thing that Indians shared is unity. Their culture viewed the tribe as a funding and breathing thing, needing every members cooperation and participation in order to survive. Throughout the years, Indians have always relied on each other for help and support, whether hunting, raising children, or defend their territory. In addition, possessions were shared equally between the members, and everything was done for the benefit of the tribe. On the Spokane reservation there is no such concept as unity. People sleep with for their own good, barely tolerating their own kind. Defying their ancestors traditions, characters such as Victor and Joseph bully others into submission in order to get what they want or just for fun. Michael dust coat Hawk attacks the band members out of jealousy. After the band starts their pub lic performances, the whole town splits into two groups, one supporting the musicians, the other detesting them. There is no unity to be found anywhere. Same thing goes for support. Not many souls believed in them. Tribal Chairman David WalksAlong was even more pessimistic about the future of prairie wolf Springs. Listen, those Skins aint got a chance in New York City...Coyote Springs is done for. Im... ... and courageous animal, looked up to by the children, but in the real military personnel it was simply a hold still for of amusement. The Spokane tribe had hastily forgot one of the most important concepts of Indian heritage, the concept that should have defined them. The only thing on the Spokane reservation that still contained Indian culture and heritage was high-risk Mom, or the nature. However, no Indian ever remembered, or wished to remember his or her own roots. They knew about Big Moms existence, yet they refused to believe in her. It was simpler to live life as they did, without any real purpose or direction. There were a million stories about Big Mom. But no matter how many stories were told, Indians still refused to believe in her. Even though she lived on the reservation, some Spokanes still doubted her.(199) She watched the Indians deny and defy everything that was in their culture, all the traditions and all of the morals, powerless to stop it. The-man-who-was-probably-Lakota saw and understood what was happening, and repeated the same line over and over again, The end of the world is near, the end of the world is near. However, for these Indians the end had already came and gone.