Brave New World Essay -- Essays Papers

Brave New WorldGeorge Santayana once said, Ideal indian lodge is a drama enacted exclusively in the imagination. In life, there is no such thing as a complete utopia, although that is what many people chastise to achieve. Aldous Huxleys Brave New World is an attempt at a utopian society. In this brave new world, mothers and fathers and family are non-existent. Besides being non-existent, when actors line of that sort are mentioned, ears are covered and faces of disgust are made. In a report to the Controller, Bernard wrote,This is partly due, no doubt to the fact that he comprehend them talked about by the woman Linda, his m-----(106). Words of the sort cannot even be written. Art, history, and the ability to have emotions are shunned. This utopia is shown as a perfect world in which everyone is happy. If this was true, the people would not need to take soma, an equivalent along the lines of a cross between one of todays designer drugs and Prozac. The Director, who goes nameless for more or less of the story, is less important than the controller is, and he also knows less. This is shown by his shock when the Controller dares to speak about two of the forbidden topics, history and biological parents. It is believed that topics of this spirit will cause this utopia to deteriorate. Once the utopia deteriorates, people are not happy all the time. Even by its own criteria though, Brave New World is not a society where everyone is in fact happy. There are asylums in Iceland...

A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay -- Dolls House Henrik Ibsen Essa

A Dolls House by Henrik IbsenA dolls house was written by Henrik Ibsen and produced by famousactors during the time of the 1800s in fact it was the twelvemonth of 1879to be precise. It was around this time that many different Social,cultural and historical moments were changing through time, leavingthe end result to change not except one country but had an effectuate onmost of the world. For this section of the formulate I will be carefullydiscussing with you the issues of* Social events* Cultural events* historical eventsSocialEach of these events all had major issues around during the time likethe peoples views on marriage and the roles of men and women with orwithout being married. Views and opinions were vitally important inthose days, they had a massive effect on peoples lives, as meeting awidowed woman would have been horrific, simply because people bywordmarriage as such a major obstacle. Marriage was incredibly seriousduring them times and it was not accepted for people to split up froma marriage. They felt that when acquire married they should onlyaccept the other person if they were happy to live with them foreveruntil death as the as the priest when getting married saysUntil death do us part========================Each person when in a marriage had there own role for the women theyhad to mainly work as housewives (although there were exceptions) andfor the men they had to get a job and bring in the income for thererelationship to live. It was just the done thing there were noreasons why a man could not stay at home and look after the house whythe women worked it was just the way people presumed it to go. This is calm down pushing the boundaries of today... ...on. Divorcewas unacceptable, as I have briefly mentioned before. The play itselfis poignant as it set around the Christmas holiday, this is a time forgiving, loving and share-out etcetera, where as Nora is doing theopposite. Also this is ironic as Noras father was a priest for theChristi an religion. Nora believes in this miracle throughout the wholeplay, the fact that she is going to be free.Overall, all of these events played a massive role on Henrik Ibsen andinfluenced him incredibly leading to the naturalistic play of A dollshouse. Without these cultural, historical and social issues winningplace the play would not have turned out any thing like it did. Notonly did the issues have a massive effect on the play but also theplay had a massive effect on the issues. Taking each step a little adjacent with things like the right for women to vote.

It’s Time to Ban the Use of Landmines :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Its Time to Ban the Use of Landmines El Salvador, 6 April 1992--Three siblings died near the Guazapa volcano give-up the ghost weekend when they stepped on a mine planted during the period of civil warfare. Ironically, their parents had returned to the area only a few days earlier. The children were four, six and eight long time old. Parts from the three childrens bodies were found as far as 30 metres from the explosion site. (qtd. in Grant 25) offensive landmines kill thousands of people every socio-economic class. Antipersonnel landmines do non recognize a cease-fire they continue killing or maiming for many years after the conflict is over. Antipersonnel landmines do not discriminate between soldiers or civilians. On the contrary, more and more they are being used in an indiscriminate way, terrorizing civilians and transforming agricultural fields into killing fields. In addition, de-mining is a very slow and very expensive process, and after a war most countrie s are not prepared to cope with the constant health care demands imposed by the number of injured by landmines. Finally, landmines make it very difficult for refugees to go back to their cities and villages. As response to the landmine problem, the international federation has come up with a treaty to ban landmines. On March 1, 1999, the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty came into effect so far 134 countries have sign(a) the treaty. Unfortunately, the U. S. is not one of them. The Encarta Encyclopedia defines a landmine as an encased explosive device that is concealed below the surface of the ground. It can be made of metal, plastic, glass, or wood (n. p.). Probably the concept of landmines is almost as old as the existence of organized armies. Philip C. Winslow, in his book Sowing the Dragons Teeth, describes how Roman soldiers, before the beginning of the firstborn millennium, used a plant with spikes as a landmine in order to delay pursuers (126). The Chinese, according to D elbruck, used ground mines made out of explosives in the year 1232 (qtd. in Winslow 126). Six hundred years later, in 1840, the use of landmines was introduced in the United States they were used in large quantities during the Civil War (Winslow 126, 127).

Alexander The Great Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great, was born in June, 356 BC, in Pella, the ancientcapital of Macedonia. His parents were Philip II and Olympia. Some say that genus Zeuswas his father but it is probably just a myth. Aristotle taught Alexander inhis early teen years. He stimulated his interest in science, medicine, andphilosophy. In the summer of 336 BC, Alexanders father was assassinated, andAlexander ascended to the Macedonian throne. He found himself surrounded byenemies at home and threatened by civilizations all over. But Alexander weddedof quickly of all his enemies by ordering their execution. Then he took off toThessaly, where partisans of independence had gained ascendancy, and restoredMacedonian rule. Before the end of the summer of 336 BC as global of theGreeks in a campaign against the Persians, originally planned by his fatherbefore he croaked, he carried out a successful campaign against the defectingThracians, discerning to the Danube River. On his return he cr ushed in a singleweek the threatening Illyrians and then again took of to Thebes, which hadrevolted. He took the city by impel and razed it, sparing only the temples ofthe gods and the house of the Greed lyric poet Pindar, and selling the survivinginhabi tants, about 8000 in number, into slavery. Alexanders promptness incrushing the revolt of The bes brought the early(a) Greek states into instantsubmission.Alexander began his war against Persia in th...

Boarding a Horse: Pasture vs. Stable Essay -- Comparison Compare Contr

Boarding a Horse Pasture vs. StableFor centuries knight and domain have existed in a partnership which has provided mutual benefits. The horse has aided mans advancement toward civilization as a diligent worker, reliable transportation method, brave soldier, and trusted friend. In return, man has protected the horse from predators and disease, and provided food and shelter to ensure the continued health and well being of his equine companion. As well meaning as mans intentions may be, not all of the trappings of modern equine husbandry are beneficial to this proud animal. Originally a wild and free denizen of the plains, the horse can suffer psychological and medical disorders if its life is spent locked away in the confinement of a typical 12 x 12 barn stall.One of the or so important medical conditions that can afflict a stabled horse is laminitis. Also known as founder, laminitis is the inflammation of a lamina, especially in the foot of a horse (Websters 671). The laminae ar e finger-like grooves where sensitive living tissue connects the dead hoof in a horses foot (Encyclopedia 171) to the set bone (Rooney 114). An enzyme normally produced by the body in small amounts allows slow and even movement of the laminae to allow for growth. With laminitis, however, the enzyme is over-produced and causes large sections of the laminae to weaken and separate. Pressures from body weight and tendon strength allow the jewel casket bone, the single terminating digit (Encyclopedia 170), to rotate within the hoof pocket (Rooney 131). This rotation causes severe tissue trauma which results in painful lameness. In extreme cases the coffin bone protrudes through the sole of the hoof. It is understandable that the best treatment in the ... ...ves than those of their counterparts in the stable.Works CitedDenning, Dr. Charles H., Jr. First Aid for Horses What to do until the veterinarian arrives. none Hollywood, CA Wilshire Book Company, 1969.Encyclopedia of The Horse. N ew York Crescent Books, 1989.Hayes, Capt. M. Horace. Veterinary Notes For Horse Owners. New York Simon & Schuster, 1987.The International Encyclopedia of Horses & Ponies. New York Howell Book House, MacMillan Publishing, USA, 1995.Oglesby, Robert N., DVM. Founder & laminitis. Founder and Laminitis in Horses. April 1999. The Horsemans Advisor. 28 Jan. 2002 Rooney, James A. The Lame Horse Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. South Brunswick and New York A. S. Barnes and Company, 1974.Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA Merriam-Webster Inc., 1987.

Boarding a Horse: Pasture vs. Stable Essay -- Comparison Compare Contr

Boarding a Horse Pasture vs. StableFor centuries horse and man have existed in a partnership which has provided mutual benefits. The horse has aided mans advancement toward civilization as a diligent worker, reliable transportation method, brave soldier, and trusted friend. In return, man has protected the horse from predators and disease, and provided food and shelter to ensure the continued health and well being of his equine companion. As well meaning as mans intentions may be, not all of the trappings of modern equine husbandry are beneficial to this proud animal. Originally a wild and free inhabitant of the plains, the horse can suffer psychological and medical disorders if its life is spent locked away in the confinement of a typical 12 x 12 barn stall. one of the most important medical conditions that can afflict a stabled horse is laminitis. Also known as founder, laminitis is the inflammation of a lamina, especially in the hoof of a horse (Websters 671). The laminae are fin ger-like grooves where sensitive living tissue connects the dead hoof in a horses foot (Encyclopedia 171) to the coffin bone (Rooney 114). An enzyme commonly produced by the body in small amounts provides slow and even movement of the laminae to allow for growth. With laminitis, however, the enzyme is over-produced and causes large sections of the laminae to weaken and separate. Pressures from body weight and tendon strength allow the coffin bone, the single terminating digit (Encyclopedia 170), to rotate within the hoof pocket (Rooney 131). This rotation causes severe tissue trauma which results in painful lameness. In essential cases the coffin bone protrudes through the sole of the hoof. It is understandable that the best treatment in the ... ...ves than those of their counterparts in the stable.Works CitedDenning, Dr. Charles H., Jr. First Aid for Horses What to do until the veterinary arrives. No. Hollywood, CA Wilshire Book Company, 1969.Encyclopedia of The Horse. New Yor k Crescent Books, 1989.Hayes, Capt. M. Horace. Veterinary Notes For Horse Owners. New York Simon & Schuster, 1987.The International Encyclopedia of Horses & Ponies. New York Howell Book House, MacMillan Publishing, USA, 1995.Oglesby, Robert N., DVM. fall in & Laminitis. Founder and Laminitis in Horses. April 1999. The Horsemans Advisor. 28 Jan. 2002 Rooney, James A. The Lame Horse Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. South Brunswick and New York A. S. Barnes and Company, 1974.Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA Merriam-Webster Inc., 1987.

Harrison Bergeron, Kurt Vonnegut Essay

This paper seeks to defend the proposition that that in that respect is a submit for individual differences for humanity despite baseball clubs expressed desire to attain comparability. The commie and socialist ideologies may have theorized the what is an ideal society, superstar that is classless or egalitarian but there ar simply unacceptable effects if there is all aspects of individualism is excluded. The extremity for individual differences could be best seen in the short story of Harrison Bergeron by Vonneguts, Jr. where the author revealed that a society created to equalize humanity does not always turn appear to be the best for the mountain.Vonnegut did effectively utilized disparate means to convey his message in the short story. Most of the power of the means is the use of irony and symbolism. Irony has a distinct was of telling people that things could not just be contradicted because it leave alone for set ashore out the most absurd in human understanding. His use of symbolism to a fault complemented his articulate first appearance of the roles played by the different characters which the showed the powers and terminal points in failing to address what was obvious.He was able to deliver the message the equality is the same as freedom since in the story there was indeed a resemblance of equality, which was made very clear at very first part of the story bur rattling the irony is that they are not free. Since the short story declares and portrays the equality of people, there was the need to control the tendency of some of the people who were borne with natural abilities and this has the effect of devising these people as prisoners to the government.Harrison Bergeron was indeed the main character of the story. Thus as a result of his having an exceptional intelligence and beauty in addition to his superb height and strength and beauty he would have to suffer some reduction to bring society to equality. This was whence done by l etting him to expatriate huge handicaps. The handicaps imposed consisted of having to suffer distracting noises which essentially put him into an individual who will lack focus in what he desired to do.In addition the was also given excess weight of about three hundred pounds, which was enough to almost make immobile as way of saveing his use of intelligence for the single-valued function of pr progenying the declared policy that every be is equal. Because of his many natural gifts as illustrated earlier, it was still necessary to give him eyeglasses to cause him to headaches. Having headache would deprive of the faculties of thinking which could otherwise for juicy use. But equality was a prominenter value than productivity hence the rule must be enforced.To deprive Bergeron of his beauty he was also added enhancive changes to make him ugly. What was awaited to the end the story was whether equality declared and implemented by those given the power, would now make things easi er for everybody by the attainment of peace in the community since no one is above any body else. If viewed in term of socialism and communism, the society in the story could be viewed as classless or egalitarian. The events in the story metamorphosed into a situation where Bergeron was able to invade A TV station that allowed him to make a declaration for himself as emperor.The event happened despite the many deprivations that every imposed to him by government. Nothing could be more offensive to those guarding him not to shine as physical restraints which should created psychological restrain could have caused Bergeron to remain calm and silent in the name of equality. Perhaps in trying to celebrate his struggle with the deprivations that was imposed on him, story include an event where he had a dance with a ballerina, who had suffered also because of handicaps imposed and who Bergeron helped in discarding state restriction.This event prompted the person who is bound to enforce th e law of equality and this resulted to Bergeron and the ballerina who he was dancing universe shot by Handicapper General by the name of Diana slug Glampers and who did not stop to monitor the actions of those who will violate the law of equality. This incident could indeed demonstrate the application of philosophical requirement of certificate of indebtedness above everything else. Such mis daub dedication to duty could barely be the tenable explanation of what society that demands equality would have to attain the goals of society.But viewed in the context of what is human, the simple act of automatic killing without affording Bergeron the right on to be heard after a trial could be only considered an act of brutality. Such was the price of attaining the goal of society. Everybody or at least somebody will have to a be guard ones outgrowing another in terms of skills, wealth and even good characteristics. The value of being equal is more important than the value of competitio n where the best could come out. There is therefore no best among people but every body is co-equal with everybody else.The question that must be answered now is whether the law of equality reachs for every body. What happened was that despite the handicaps, Bergeron wanted to set free. He wanted the government to be free these handicaps. He wanted to excel and to his potential despite all odds. For the enforcement of the rules, it was necessary to protect state secrets. Such policy also then strip the right of Bergerons parents Hazel and George to know what truly happened to their son. Since the state must be at center of this kind of society, implementation of the strictly was paramount.This therefore gave Diana Moon Glampers to act with her authority to commit the dastardly act of killing Bergeron and the ballerina. Under such(prenominal) society, somebody will have to enforce its rules strictly but human freedom is necessarily sacrificed since the states survival was paramount . And to sustain the said principle the Diana Moon Glampers could have only be afraid of not fulfilling her duty for failure to do so could losing her power over the people which the state has bestowed on her.But again the irony of the story was her husband was also in handicapped by being required to wear a bag although such was also big puzzle for Diana Glampers since she knows that her husband was not competing to anybody. So what happened was a failure of the concept of a society where there is equality for almost every part of human endeavor. The system could hold people from to bring out the best in them. It cannot control what was inside the heart and minds of people despite the strict requirement of the law. Vonnegutss portrayal of the life of Bergeron must also be viewed with symbolism.His being to discard the his own handicaps and that of the ballerina could only speak for releasing the human potentialities that could not be limited and controlled even by governments for s uch were internal in human beings. Bergerons dance with ballerina also speaks of their freedom to go with the music or environment where men would have to live. Freedom has therefore its end of celebration to go with the limitless tunes of music or limitless opportunities that one could be in the absence of government restrictions. Given the nature of work that Kurt Vonneguts has done on Harrison Bergeron, commentaries could not be avoided.In the authors desire to deliver a point, Vonnegut has chosen to use iron the surrender the simple meaning of the false theory of equality. In this context, Hattenhauer cited that all commentaries on Kurt Vonneguts Harrison Bergeron in the latter(prenominal) are attempts to achieve equality as absurd. Hattenhauer, sounding to agree with Kurt Vonnegut, also concluded that believers of Bergeron as a model of freedom would fail to notice the fact that he is a wouldbe dictator with the latters declaration that he is the Emperor and wanting to select his Empress.One could therefore decipher a view that would in a sense okay monarchy as a form of government. Hattenhauer believed that if such happens, then reversion to medieval monarchy would come out where serfs or the equivalent of slaves would be produced as a result. He therefore apothegm in addition to previous commentaries a satire not just on mistaken notion of equality but also the American definition of freedom as the greatest good to the smallest number. The fall of communism is a proof that society cannot be class. There is indeed the need to allow individual to rise to reach their full potentials.Walicki in discussing the fate of communism talked of rise of certain classes in a communist state said when he mentioned about Brezhnev regime having deliberately supported the interests of certain level in societys structure by giving its representatives formal guarantees such as the right personal security and the right to occupy leading state posts. He saw therefore th e consolidation and emancipation of the nomenklatura as a sign of the formation of a new class and the final betrayal of the proletariat that Trotsky had feared.But viewed from the right of individuals to rise to power when opportunity allows, there are positive aspects of these events from in terms of the reduction in ideological pressure. This also has the effect of legitimizing the play of interests where large number of managers is involved. Another remarkable effect is limitation that may be approximately estimated on the general unpredictability and uncertainty concerning the future.The separation of interests within the nomenklatura was also seen by Walicki to have caused the improved use of the methods of civilised law to resolve conflicts and this has the effect of broadening their sphere of application. He also observed central planning having become a fiction, given the showground for the fight for stem interests since individuals were now given special roles to play. T hus, the consequent failure the use the same planning as a rational way to control the fate of society.Having witnessed the communist experiment in Russia to have attained its complete cycle, Walicki now wanted to define the historical significance of the Lenin period, which he considered that as the time when the sweep of the communist revolution on a world scale was at its peak. His was basis was the seriousness of Russia trying to take upon itself the task to have all the upshot to the majority of social problems, including the promise of giving answers to the most important questions of humanity. Walicki thus asserted that the failure of this insanely bold attempt was sufficiently clear by 1921.He therefore wants humanity to learn from inner defect of process that had to end in the complete failure of communism. What then is the ideal society? Is land then the answer to every problem that communism failed to attain? Soros proposed an open society. But his proposal needed some criticism on alternative systems. He cited Popper to have shown about the commonality of fascism and communism, which is using the states power to repress the freedom of the individual despite the fact even though one is extreme right while the other is the extreme left.Wanting to extend the argument, Soros contended that even his proposal of an open society is not safe because of the possible flagellum from the opposite direction. What he meant of course is the chance from excessive individualism that could be generating to much competition and too little cooperation. He feared this to possibly cause bring inequities and instability that could difficult to tolerate. Soros thus exposed also some risks with capitalism as an alternative which strongly believe in the capacity of the market place to solve many ills.He asserted that the doctrine of laissez faire capitalism which holds that the uncommon good is best served by the unrestrained pursuit of self-interest, poses a great dang er if not tempered by the recognition of a common interest. He thus saw an open society that is capable of breaking mound if the self-interest is not regulated. In making a comparison of the systems, Soros argued that totalitarianism ideologies which are associated with communism and socialism, is opposed to open society with deliberation while laissez-faire policies under capitalism may just endanger it if there is inadvertence.He however saw more potent danger in capitalism than in communism and even socialism since the latter have already been thoroughly brought into disrepute . Despite what Soros had seen with capitalism, there is basis to consider it better than totalitarianism as proven in history. By his admission of danger, a remedy is still possible which role is assumed by the US constitution and several laws. By the weight of evidence presented, individualism needs to exist in society and it cannot be denied even by very structures of the communist state.It is better the n to allow the same under an open society as proposed by Soros. In this context the short story of Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut may have assumed a significant despite the commentary in exposing the fallacy of the law of equality. For this reason, Noise may be justified considering Kurt Vonnegut as one of the great humanists of his time . In seeing him as a proponent of humanism and therefore tool for building a better world, Noise took the chance to expose that fact that humanists are skeptical of religious claims, for the most part on claims of prophecy and revelation .He thus found that Vonnegut, like most humanists, had little use for hypothesis about supernatural realms and saw organized religions that attempted to do such speculation to be creating needless division in the world. Noise thus saw Vonnegut to have provided some guidance where there are differences among Jews, Christians, and Muslims on such issues eternal salvation . It may this be concluded that the propos ition about the need to allow for individual differences for humanity despite societys expressed desire to attain equality must be sustained based on argument and evidence presented.

Manage Recruitment, Selection & Induction Essay

oral sex 1 Explain the role of probation as part of the recruitment process. All new staff employees are required to serve a probationary period. The probationary period allows the Department and the employee the probability to assess each others suitability. It is the responsibility of the Supervisor to continually review the services of staff on probation. An employee essential be consulted if there are each problems with work outance. Question 2 Explain the term be survival of the fittest and its implication on equal employment opportunity. weft based on merit is where the best possible match is made between qualifications, knowledge, skills, abilities and relevant experience of the appli groundworkts, and the selection criteria in the Position Description. When assessing applicants, only selection criteria are taken into account that is, unlawful discrimination based on other applicant characteristics must not occur. In the case of casual and sessional staff, merit is det ermined by assessing applicants qualifications, skills, knowledge and experience against the duties to be performed. Question 3 Explain the relevant terms and conditions of employment.Not every code of practice of the employer which is cite within the contract may swallow any force, further rather, can be used as a guideline. Therefore, when considering whether or not a detail document imposes contractual obligations, the test to be applied in determining intention, is whether a reasonable person would come to the conclusion that the person making the promise, had the intention of being bound by the statement.Question 4 Explain at least 2 valid psychometric testing that you can use in your selection process.Aptitude or Ability Tests Aptitude or ability tests provide study on a persons ability to perform certain tasks and their potential to realize and understand new information and tasks. The tests cover skills such as Verbal reasoning (critical evaluation of written informat ion) Comprehension/grammar numeral reasoning (logical interpretation of numerical and statistical information) Abstract, mechanical or spatial reasoning (pattern recognition) Information checking (checking errors / attention to detail tasks) IQ (how quickly you can learn and master a new task)They can be designed to indicate suitability for specific tasks eg computing, keyboard or foreign?language skills. Work modal value questionnaires ( ainity/ motivating/Emotional Intelligence) Work style questionnaires or inventories are concerned with how you typically behave, such as?the way you relate to others or the way you approach and form problems. They generally?explore personality characteristics relevant to the world of work. To answer the questions you often need to think about what you would do in a work situation. If you have no formal work experience, think about how you behave in similar situations such as voluntary work, university activities or when you are participating in yo ur hobbies. Work style questionnaires look at factors such asWays of thinking, feeling and acting in different situations Interpersonal style, conflict style, leadership style Patterns of coping with stress Interests how much do you like carrying out various types of activities at work. Motivations look at the energy with which you approach your work, and the different conditions which increase or decrease your motivation. Work values what factors make work worthwhile for youHow you interpret your own and others emotions and behavioursQuestion 5 A. Explain the term outsourcing?Outsourcing is the act of one follow contracting with another company to provide services that might otherwise be performed by in-house employees. Often the tasks that are outsourced could be performed by the company itself, but in many cases there are financial advantages that come from outsourcing. Many large companies now outsource jobs such as call center services, electronic mail services, and payroll . These jobs are handled by separate companies that specialize in each service, and are often located overseas.b. What functions can Human Resources outsource in terms of recruitment selection and induction, please states advantages and disadvantages of each.Functions include Employee assistance/counseling Retirement planning help Pension administration Temporary staffing Background checks Training and management suppuration programs Executive development and coaching Health care benefits administration Employee benefit administration gestateroll Risk management Executive staffing Employee relocation HRIS selection, training carrying out Recruitment Executive compensation and incentive plans Policy writing Administration of compensation/incentive plans hire and salary administration Advantages Brings new ideas/talent into the governance get needed competencies Helps organization get needed competencies Provides cross-industry insights May reduce training cost s Helps organization meet equal employment opportunity/ plausive action goals Disadvantages May result in misplacements? Increases recruitment costs? May cause morale problems for internal candi considers? Requires longer orientation or adjustment clock timeQuestion 6 Research the following links to assist you in your answer. a) What is the role of the HREOC?Leading the promotion and protection of human rights in Australia by do human rights values part of everyday life and language. Empowering all people to understand and exercise their human rights. Working with individuals, community, business and government to inspire action. property government accountable to national and international human rights standards. Securing an Australian charter of rights.b) What types of complaint can you make to the CommissionThe Australian Human Rights Commission can investigate and resolve complaints of discrimination, harassment and bullying based on a persons Sex, including pregnancy, marita l status, breastfeeding, family responsibilities and sexual harassment Disability, including temporary and permanent disabilities physical, intellectual, sensory, psychiatric disabilities, diseases or illnesses medical conditions work related injuries past, present and future disabilities and association with a person with a disability Race, including colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, immigrant status and racial hatred Age, covering young people and older people sexual preference, criminal record, trade confederation activity, political opinion, religion or affable origin (in employment only)c) Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986Grounds of discrimination Breaches of human rights by any Commonwealth body or agency and discrimination in employment on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, social origin, age, medical record, criminal record, marital status, impairment, disability, nationality, sexual preference , trade union activity.Areas covered Commonwealth body or agency employment and occupation.Process for decision making Complaint must be in writing. It is then assessed and if within jurisdiction is investigated. If complaint is not declined, conciliation is attempted. If it cannot be conciliated, the Commission prepares a report to the federal Attorney General who then tables the report in Parliament.Question 7 Summarise the national 10 privacy principles.There are ten National Privacy Principles (NPPs) that regulate how private sector organizations manage personal information. They cover the collection, use and disclosure, and secure management of personal information. They also allow individuals to access that information and have it corrected if it is wrong.NPP 1 collection Describes what an organization should do when collecting personal information and what is told to the individual on collection.NPP 2 use and disclosure Outlines how organization discloses and uses indivi dual personal information. Under certain conditions and organization doesnt always need the individuals consent to disclose personal information.NPPs 3 & 4 information quality and security An organisation must take steps to visualise the personal information it holds is accurate and up-to-date, and is kept secure from unauthorised use or access. NPP 5 openness An organisation must have a policy on how it manages personal information, and make it available to anyone who asks for it. NPP 6 access and correction Gives individuals a general right of access to their personal information, and the right to have that information corrected if it is inaccurate, incomplete or out-of-date. NPP 7 identifiers Generally prevents an organisation from adopting an Australian Government identifier for an individual (e.g. Medicare numbers) as its own. NPP 8 anonymity Where possible, organisations must give individuals the opportunity to do business with them without the individual having to iden tify themselves. NPP 9 transborder data flows Outlines how organisations should protect personal information that they transfer outside Australia. NPP 10 sensitive information excellent information includes information such as health, racial or ethnic background, or criminal record. Higher standards apply to the handling of sensitive information.Question 8 List the elements contained in a contract of employment. The full name of employer and employee The address of the employer The place of work The title of job or nature of work The date the employment started If the contract is temporary, the expected duration of the contract If the contract of employment is for a fixed term, the details Details of rest periods and breaks as required by law The rate of pay or method of calculation of pay The pay reference period for the purposes of the National Minimum Wage Act 2000 Pay intervals Hours of work That the employee has the right to ask the employer for a written statement of his/he r average hourly rate of pay as provided for in the National Minimum Wage Act 2000 Details of paid leave Sick pay and pension (if any) Period of notice to be given by employer or employee Details of any collective agreements that may affect the employees terms of employment

Methodology on Renewable Energy in Powys Wales

This chapter identifies the justifications for, and cogency of, the orders and procedures used during the question.As briefly outlined in the debut, this query undertaking allow for sketch the bing and possible employ of renew fitting energy through the prep ardness system in Powys, Mid Wales. Presently there are a throw of major undertakings, preponderantly trail farms already present in Powys barely there is range for more every bit good as other renewable beginnings much(prenominal) as Anaerobic Digestion and Micro Hydro Power. The undermentioned branchs go out a ( do sure you signpost )What is explore?Harmonizing to the Encarta World English Dictionary ( day of the calendar month? rascal? ) , Research poop be defined as Organized see methodical probe into a topic in order to detect facts, to round some(prenominal)what up or revise a theory, or to develop a program of action based on the facts disc all overed you need to allow in rogue Numberss for direct c itationsIn feeble adult male layman s footings, this fundamentally refers to the port in which one under rams a procedure of achieving selective information that is compulsory for a peculiar ground. There are changing grades of investigate methods and besides to changing grades. This could run from a individual interrogationing into a vacation all the manner to a PhD pupil roll uping information for their concluding thesis. This investigate undertaking is for a Masters degree therefore considerable look for is required ref to corroborate up? .Clough and Nutbrown ( 2002 ) who published A Students usher to Methodology suggest that the research at Masters Level is non so much to discharge out things but more to look into inquiries and research issues. Clough and Nutbrown both define Research by the moral act within which the research thespian holds duty for guaranting that attendant alteration is for the better. It is the purpose of the author to set close this procedu re in order to read the renewable facet through the preparation system and to seek to peg down the short-falls, if any and how to wrench to them. Necessitate to utilize a assortment of refs throughout. Try and avoid the one ref per paragraph manner.Research moralss Research that involves humane topics or participants raises alone and complex ethical, legal, societal and political issues ( Nancy Walton, day of the month? Page? ) .Research moralss concentrates on the analysis of ethical issues that are embossed when people are involved as participants in research. Consequently, there are three chief aims in research moralss, the first and broadest is to protection over the human participants. The 2nd aim is to guarantee that any research is conducted in a manner that serves involvements of the persons or groups as a whole. Ref?The 3rd aim is to research the specific research activities and undertakings for their ethical soundness such as analysis of the direction hazards, protec tion of confidentiality and the procedure of informed consent. Ref?Ethical protection for research participants potentiometer be described in a come in of ways which pull up stakes be explained below. These descriptions have been compiled by the research constitution ref? contend to draw above together into one paragraphTry and avoid utilizing mini paragraphs it can do the treatment disjointed willful EngagementVoluntary Participation by and large refers to when the populace are non obliged to take part in research. For illustration, this could be when a research be givener relies upon a considerable figure of people where no antecedently audience has interpreted topographic point, such as pupils at a university or the crowd at a clean event. This would, in the sentiment of the research player addition more information than any other pillowcase. get to back up these vox populis with refsInformed consentClosely related to Voluntary Participation, is the demand of Informe d Consent which pith that research histrions must advise any possible participants to derive blessing about the research, including inside informations such as what their purposes are and the relevant processs and hazards involved. ref?Hazard of HarmParallel with the engagement process, the research worker has a responsibility of prudence for their participant to guarantee they are non subjected to any Hazard of Harm. This can be both physical and/or psychological and in order to seek to prevent either, two criterions can be applied in order to keep the privateness of the participant. Unless it is a self apparent fact e.g. the Earth is round, you need to back up points with mentions. Particularly of present moment as you are seeking to convert the reader that you are utilizing a valid and appropriate method.Consequently, the bulk of research guarantees the participants confidentiality. This means that the participant s individuality would non be made available to anyone who is non involved with the research. The other chief to keep the privateness of the person is to do the participant nameless , therefore non even the research worker creation cognizant of the individuality of the topic.Subsequently in the Findings chapter, it will be apparent that in order to determine public perceptual experience of the Case Study ( Wind Farm Application ) , a assortment of voluntary participants will be asked a few basic inquiries after the planning commission for the finding of the application for the aforesaid air current farm. The individuality of the participants will besides stay anon. besides the assortment of participants will be varied such as the general populace, commission members and local authorization officers.Harmonizing to Social Research Methods ( meshsite day of the month? ) , it claims that research workers are obliged to cover with the ethical issues of participants right to service and good research pattern which often uses a make group name d a No-treatment control group. This group is devised of individuals who neither implicate the participants who receive intervention nor the plan that is beingness researched. However, if there are good consequences from the plans, the persons assigned to the no-treatment control group may non study they have been allowed equal entree to the services.If there is clear grounds that these ethical criterions and rules exist, the research worker may frequently set about probes that contradict the rights of the participant, nevertheless in this undertaking, there is no ground for this to go on. Obviously, it is highly hard to expect every ethical circumstance nevertheless at that place involve to be some generic processs which have been outlined earlier in this chapter to guarantee research workers to see all relevant ethical issues whilst showing research proposals.Establishing the Research MethodIn order to set up the research methods, it must be noted that the purposes and aims ar e to be realistic and accomplishable. Upon consideration of both, the purposes and aims are accomplishable and consequently the appropriate research techniques must be applied. As with any research, it is non possible to cover every facet of the subject and because the research inquiries rose in this thesis in bend influenced the pick of methodological analysis.( A Students usher to Methodology ( Clough and Nutbrown 2002 )demand to incorporate mentions carefully where does the above ref kick the bucket?Clough and Nutbrown ( 2002 ) have devised three classs that can be assessed against the author of their research and these are as followsSpecifying LimitsClarification of research survey verifiable Issues must be identifiedIn order to specify one s bounds, the author must be cognizant of their restrictions and guarantee that the chosen subject is of a suitable volume to successfully roll up a undertaking on.Once the author has identified the bounds, lucidity of the research survey must be recognised. This can be achieved by garnering a broad scope of information and literature in order to measure a assortment of statements and statistics ref? .Finally, to place the Empirical Issues, these must be once more located through a assortment of literature both historical and present informations.Harmonizing to Dirks ( 2005 ) , much research is inform informally and seldom qualified by its beginnings ( p? ) . attempt and avoid tonss of mini paragraphs can do confused treatmentDirks ( 2005 ) goes on to province that through a sequence of work, and with polish of what has been named the scientific method, these methods of research have been analysed to guarantee that the consequences are recognised throughout as valid. Furthermore, Dirks ( 2005 ) claims that these methods can be altered to the traditional constructions of deductive and inductive logic. Anyone agree with Dirks? Sprinkle in more refs where you canIt is obvious to detect such a procedure in certain probes such as a scientific experiment, in which 1 could try to deduce a truth in a deductive mode. Further observation of this can be seen in societal scientific discipline research where a study may necessarily take to a factual determination of kinds.The influence for this undertaking is in conformity with the observations of Cook & A Campbell ( 1979, cited in Rudestam & A Newton, 2001 ) who identified that the research method pick for societal scientific discipline surveies is of a quasiexperimental design. This design comprises of some of the cogency of the controlled experiment but maintains the statement and logic of experimental research.In the tabular array 1 below, Chappell ( 2004, cited Robson, 2002 ) identifies the chief constituents of a research designTable 1 rubricAimWhat is the survey seeking to accomplish and what specific facet or procedure within the construct is being investigated?TheoryWhat conceptual model is the construct embedded in?Research QuestionsWhat information needs to be acquired to fulfill the intent of the survey?MethodsWhat specific methods will be used to roll up informations?Sampling SchemeFrom whom will the informations be sought?Beginning Robson ( 2002, cited in Chappell, 2004, p55 ) .The primary constituents that are contained within this research model have led to the production of believable and plentiful research.Different types of ResearchIn order to accomplish a believable research method, one must take from a huge array of research types to garner information. This survey is to concentrate chiefly on the planning procedures and counsel and hence chiefly classified as soft and non quantitative which would hold concentrated on mensurable issues.The difficultly of using qualitative research methods, are considered, more flexible than those of quantitative methods, is to utilize them to do robust analysis of modern-day issues which can be complex and unconstrained ( Robson, 2002 ) . Table 2 identifies the informa tions aggregation methods which were engaged throughout the researching process.Need to be consistent in table rubricsBeginning TypeMethodInformation locationPrimaryInterviews make believe/TelephoneQuestionnairesWorkSecondaryBooksLibraries/ShopsDiariesLibrariesGovernmental GuidanceLibraries/Internet/WorkOtherInternet/WorkTable 2 Methods of Data CollectionWithin this undertaking, it is the author s purpose to use the above research methods in order to accomplish the best, most accurate information for the ulterior chapters to analyze.Case Study ResearchHarmonizing to Cassell and Symon ( 2004 ) , a event survey consists of a elaborate probe with informations collected over a period of clip, of phenomena, within its specific mise en scene. Need to associate this isThe author s purpose is to supply an analysis of the context and procedures which elucidate the theoretical subjects being studied in this thesis. The chosen subject in this case, Wind Farms is non isolated from its conte xt, i.e. in a research lab, but is of importance payable to the purpose to understand how procedures are understood and influenced by, in an influence context. Necessitate to fall in these subdivisions together and make a streamlined treatmentA instance survey is peculiarly appropriate for research inquiries which require a elaborate apprehension of societal or organizing procedures because of the rich informations collected in context. Ref?In microscopic radiation of the above account, it is considered appropriate in this thesis is to integrate a instance survey as it illustrates how the author can place with existent lifetime illustrations without achieving primary informations which would turn out hard due to the limited timescale.There are assorted thoughts of the importance of instance surveies ( Yin, Campbell 1994 ) and harmonizing to Clough and Nutbrown ( 2002 ) , They are frequently seen as premier illustrations of quantitative research which can follow an interpretative attack to informations, surveies things within their context and considers the subjective significances that people bring to their state of affairs. P?Harmonizing to Yin ( 2003 ) , instance surveies, in this case are referred to as an explanatory instance survey, and are the preferable research scheme. This is due to the fact that they are able to get by with operational links which need to be identified over a period of clip alternatively of simply set uping frequences of happening. Yin ( 2003 ) besides argues that when the concluding research inquiries and hypothesis have been established, the concluding survey may non automatically be a instance survey but assume an alternate signifier of research therefore underscoring the flexible character of instance survey research.Case survey research is hence flexible in that it is capable of accommodating to and examine into countries of mean but besides emergent theory ( Cassell and Symon day of the month? )Due to a figure of obviou s restraints such as clip and location, the clip allocated for flying field work and desk surveies were slightly restricted.The country chosen is northern Powys ( Montgomeryshire ) as it was the natural pick being an employee for the council, and being based in the Montgomeryshire office in Welshpool. Need to warrant your instance survey choice carefully usage refs to back up the standards used ( i.e. location, contacts, entree to info )The instance survey chosen will be a current, undetermined planning application for a Wind Farm in the locality. This specific application was chosen due to the significant changes due to landscape and other environmental restraints that have been considered since entry in 2007. This application was chosen with the counsel of a work co-worker who has been and still is covering with the g application. The procedure that has taken topographic point in the 2.5 twelvemonth period will be interesting to measure and measure in an environmental context an d will be to the full explained in the Findingss and Discussions Chapters.Primary Research DataInterviewsOne of the aims within this undertaking is to seek to set up academic work that small work had been done antecedently utilizing secondary winding informations. However, in order to accomplish this, it was considered appropriate and good to set about at least one call into question. This determination was taken as this signifier of primary research appears to hold a figure of benefits in comparing with other methods such as questionnaire including the following taken from sociologiy.org.uk electronic network site day of the month? Positive resonance between questioner and interviewee. Very simple, efficient and practical manner of acquiring informations about things that ca nt be at large(p) observed ( feelings and emotions, for illustration ) .High Validity. Peoples are able to speak about something in item and deepness. The significances behind an action may be revealed as the interviewee is able to talk for themselves with small way from interviewer.Complex inquiries and issues can be discussed / clarified. The interviewer can examine countries suggested by the answerer s replies, picking-up information that had either non occurred to the interviewer or of which the interviewer had no anterior cognition.Pre-Judgement Problem of research worker predetermining what will or will non be discussed in the interview is resolved. With few pre-set inquiries involved, the interviewer is non pre-judging what is and is non of import information.Easy to enter interview ( video / sound tapes ) . Freedom to research general positions or sentiments in more item that a questionnaire.The interviewer can re-word a inquiry should the topic be unable to understand.There is more to derive information face-to-face than in authorship.Upon reception of an reply, an chance to lucubrate upon such is readily available.Above top 6 points taken from ( www.socialogy.org.uk ) i s this a dependable beginning?Blumer ( 1969 ) suggest that the research worker seek participants in the domain of life who are who are acute perceivers and who are good informed ( p? ) need more than one ref from 1969 to back up pick of intervieweesIn visible radiation of this, the determination of whom to take to interview was highly easy to make up ones mind as there is merely one specialist officer for the full county who dealt with the applications used as the instance surveies. This surely alleviated the force per unit area of agreements although said officer is located in a different office about 40 stat mis off in Llandrindod Wells. For the research to be as nonsubjective and robust as possible, it was indispensable to guarantee a just representation. Is one expert interview sufficient? Argue your instanceIt is besides proposed to set about a figure of little graduated table structured interviews with the general populace, council members and hopefully planning advisers. Th is will be undertaken following the planning commission for the finding of the instance survey application. Why the combined attack explain with refsDue to limited clip available, resources were restricted and therefore it is of import for the author to maximize the end product from the research methods by integrating interviews alternatively of questionnaires, as the information gathered is unremarkably more elaborate and precise to the present twenty-four hours.As already outlined a semi-structured interview will be undertaken with the specializer be aftering officer. This method is frequently used to roll up qualitative informations by set uping an interview which allows the interviewee clip to react with their positions. The agreement for the interview has already been assigned a day of the month and therefore has been notified good in progress should the topic require to research any inside informations relevant to the interview.Contained within the Sociology cardinal web sit e ( www.socialogy, org.uk ) , it discusses the semi-structured interview and states that its aim is to understand the respondent s point of position instead than do generalizations .This construction uses unfastened ended inquiries which frequently request by the interviewer and others of course originate during the interview. As listed above, it can be good to derive a resonance with the topic which may enable more information to be discussed as the ambiance of the interview should be slightly relaxed. The inquiries will be prepared nevertheless, as the topic is cognizant of the subject, they will non hold bulk of the inquiries.Try and infix other back uping refs instead than over trusting on one beginningDue to the volume of informations being discussed, it is decided that a Dictaphone be used to guarantee all information relayed is recorded every bit good as written and the topic was besides cognizant and attractive of this determination. If the topic declined a recorded inte rview, handwritten notes would be the lone method available to retain the information.After an analysis of the gathered recordings, inclusive of the notes, the cardinal issues of the findings will be fed into the treatment for analysis.Detailss of the interview, including the transcript will be included in the ulterior treatment chapter of the thesis.QuestionnairesWithin this thesis, there was no purpose to include a questionnaire as the pick to use the interview technique on the chosen topic is the preferable option lucidity? . If nevertheless, a big figure of individuals were being used to garner informations, the determination to take a questionnaire would be considered more favorable. Support determination with mentionsHarmonizing to Sociological Central ( SC day of the month? ) , a questionnaire comprises of a list of written inquiries that can be completed by one or two ways.Postal Questionnaire the respondents could finish the questionnaire without the research worker being present. This type refers to any questionnaire that a respondent completes without necessitating any aid.An interview this has been discussed antecedently nevertheless in short, it allows the respondent an chance to reply the questionnaire verbally in the presence of the research worker.The SC recognises, as does the author, that both types are similar whereby the same inquiries can presented in either a postal questionnaire or during an interview format.Basically, there are two chief types of inquiriesClosed-ended ( or closed inquiry ) this type of inquiry allows the research to bring forth a battalion of responses the respondent can take e.g. Yes/No. ( Quantitative Data )Open-ended ( or unfastened inquiry ) this type inquiry does non let the research worker to include any specific reply therefore allows the respondent to utilize their ain words. ( Qualitative Data )There are strengths and failing to both types and below some are listedPostal method can let the research wor ker to entree a big figure of possible respondentsPotentially abashing subjects can be easy addressed via the postal system which may besides include namelessness.Questionnaires are by and large easy to compose and reply, particularly should closed-ended inquiries are used.Questionnaires are easy to standardize which allows the research worker to derive huge sums of information on the same subjects.Conversely, the failings are as followsThe simpleness of questionnaire format can turn out hard for research workers to analyze complex issues and sentiments even if open-ended inquiries are used.The research worker will neer cognize who completed the postal questionnaire even though it was sent to the intended receiver.The research worker s reading of the inquiries may non fit that of the respondent s this can frequently be addressed via the usage of Pilot Studies prior to the study.Response rates to postal questionnaire are general rather low ( & lt 20 % ) therefore the research wor ker must direct out the big Numberss of participants to guarantee sufficient responsesAs mentioned above, it is non my purpose to transport out any questionnaires nevertheless should the chosen capable be unable to go to the interview, a back up questionnaire using a big figure of the interview inquiries will be devised.How relevant is the above subdivision if you clearly province more than one time that you will non be utilizing this method? Possibly paraphrase some of it to propose that you considered it and may utilize it as a supporting technique if required ( update when you have completed the research )Secondary Research DataHarmonizing to Patzer ( 1995 ) , selling research routinely utilizes many types of informations and information. This widespread type is informations and other pieces of information that were originally collected for another intent. When such informations is used in a peculiar mode for market research, this is considered the 2nd usage and the information s becomes classed as Secondary Data.There are two chief types of secondary informations harmonizing to Patzer ( 1995 ) , which are internal and external secondary informations. Within each of these classifications there are some(prenominal) considerations which range from making internal secondary informations to accessing external informations.Need to associate little paragraphs togetherSee presentation spacing, headers, subheadings, font size etcDuring this research, a figure of books, diaries, authorities counsel, the cyberspace and university counsel were the chief beginning of informations for this undertaking. The purpose was to utilize the most up-to-date information and to besides guarantee that the beginnings are believable than secondary informations as by and large there are written for academic intents.The usage of the cyberspace in research is considered rather extended due to the ever-growing and updated nature of the world-wide-web. Haddon ( 1997 ) , who has underta ken considerable research in this field, makes suggestions about the type of research that is required to understand people outlooks whilst allowing the Internet ( Haddon and Hartman, 1997 ) .These include what the phenomenon symbolises to people such as how they world-class encountered the Internet, what support they have and any jobs they face, how it is perceived and possibly used in relation to other engineerings and media and where it can perchance suit into the clip constructions of families and persons. ( Haddon and Hartman, 1997 ) .It is acknowledged that Haddon and Hartman suggested these points about 13 old ages ago when, the cyberspace could be argued, was still in its comparative babyhood. It is noted that the cyberspace these yearss is considerable more user-friendly than in 1997 hence entree to the cyberspace is virtually in every family and available to everyone.Try and add in another ref above to back up this thoughtOut of Date ResearchSome of the literature noted in this undertaking could be considered instead dated nevertheless, it would neer be considered outdated due to the information being used and recognised to this current day of the month. Are you placing a job to the reader? Is it necessary? Possibly merely reference that heed has been taken to obtain a scope of stuff, although some of it by its nature is older.In add-on, due to the shear extent of information available on the cyberspace, it is of import to guarantee that the information used is reliable and accurate. This was done by utilizing authorities web site or reliable web site accredited by recognized administrations.Need reasoning drumhead subdivision of chapterNecessitate sentence or so to associate into following chapter e.g. the undermentioned chapter moves on to see a

Darkness at Noon

The author shares his experienced tales to grasp the concentration to the preconceived ideas and wrong conclusions of mountain like people believe that if mortal is blind, he could not even hear, speak and hardest part he or she cannot work. The author has got precise challenging education and employment despite these difficulties related to their backgrounds and the perception created by the society. The author in his story takes a simple format of telling the society astir(predicate) their societys wrong conclusion about the disable people.But as other stories have some lessons, so this it has, the best lesson that delivers from this is the light of hope that author has in his heart, mind and soul. In this part, the author is very polite and kind and gives message to others that these hardships will not underestimate his hopes and courage. A fable for Tomorrow In the essay A Fable for Tomorrow, Rachel Carson Illustrates a weakened town in the States that was once beautiful bu t then became devastated by exploitation of its resources. Carson states this town does not actually exist, but it major power easily have a thousand counterparts in America and elsewhere in the world. Carson is one of the pivotal people in the environmental movement of the 1 sass who emphasized that the art was a place to be respected, not destroyed by human greed and activities. This Is the thesis of her essay. The author uses very poetical language to describe the born(p) beauty of this small American town. She describes the farmland, the roadsides, the forest, and the rivers. Her language creates feelings of nostalgia and an appreciation for the natural world. The town feels like anyplace in the country that someone has visited or lived-the writing Is very personable to the reader.Carson Illustrates a place where all life seemed to live In harmony with Its surroundings. The second half of the essay has a very different tone and feeling about it. Suddenly, a mood of darkness c reates a curtain around the town, masking the reader from the once natural beauty that was described before. Carson begins to illustrate how the town became devastated by the loss of its inhabitants to sudden sickness and disease. The farms suffered a loss of crops and animals, all the fish began to die In unity of Carbons main mandates was to warn people against the use of harmful pesticides and the effects of pollution on the environment.The devastation in this essay alludes to the use of pesticides and the pollution that they caused in this small town in America. The deaths within the human, plant, and animal worlds in this small town are not an uncommon situation in many parts of America and the world. Although not all places experience the same amount of devastation as described in this essay, many small towns have been greatly affected by the harmful use of pesticides on their crops. This essay is a very powerful response to human irresponsibility within the environment.

Interest groups and political parties Essay

Although they both serve as linkage institutions, participation groups and political parties have different goals in politics. The fundamental goal of participation groups is to influence legislative decisions and public policy by attempting to focus peoples attention on these topics or nurture them on a indisputable impression or a small group of issues. They do this mostly by lobbying congressional committees at the local, state, and national levels, unremarkably during campaign season. Grassroots lobbying and political action committees play a big role in lobbying efforts.Congress relies on funding and championship from interest groups, and in return, the legislation focuses on the issues in which supporting interest groups specialize. Unlike interest groups, the main goal of political parties is getting their representatives elected as president or to other government positions. In order for political parties to be successful, they must hear out interest groups to determin e which issues people are truly pertain about parties are required to focus on a wide range of issues. Political parties also rely on media and advertising to get support and campaign funds.This is taken care of mostly by PACs indoors the party. Political parties tend to serve the interests of the politicians themselves rather than the constituency, but they are often successfully swayed when interest groups lobby Congress, Interest groups play a big part in the success of politicians and political parties in general. When a politician agrees to bring up a certain issue in Congress or any other position if he or she is elected, an interest group concerned with that issue give support his or her campaign with financial contributions.More money makes for stronger campaigns, so parties are able to have a big enough influence so that they are able to get their politicians elected. Interest groups will also publically endorse candidates who they feel would meet the needs of the group and raise awareness for issues that certain candidates want to focus on, if elected. While endorsing the viewpoints of politicians during their campaigns helps political parties to get their representative into office, it also benefits the interest groups themselves.When an interest group raises awareness on a certain issue to support a candidate, it is also further informing the constituency. Although interest groups do notparticipate in elections, getting their point across while advocating for a candidate usually results in more supporters. The publics reaction to certain issues communicated by interest groups also helps to determine which topics of concern are on the public agenda. This allows interest groups to alter their lobbying techniques and focus on different congressional committees. Thus, there is a distinct relationship between interest groups and political parties that allows for mutual benefit within the government.

Frankenstein V Bladerunner Essay

In what ways does a comparative select accentuate the distinctive con textual matters of Frankenstein and weathervane starting time? The comparative study of texts, allows audiences to investigate the changing nature and interpretation of issues relating to humanity as they atomic number 18 interpreted in dissimilar contexts. Context allows audiences to relate to and go finished the thoughts, decisions and actions of individuals within a text. Context provides the opportunity to develop and spring a new genre or interpret an existing genre in a new way.The comparative study of context allows for audiences to compare the changing values of societies over time. Literary techniques such as allusions, imagery and dialogue is utilise to shape context and can be used by composers to entertain, inform or persuade an audience or highlight and provide insight into interesting or noteworthy points. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1831) and Ridley Scotts mark Runner (Directors Cut-1992) individually utilise literary techniques to establish the context of their text within its time.The comparative study of these two texts highlights how texts are inevitably a product of their time however both(prenominal) texts present issues that search the intricacies and complexities of all human experience. Shelley and Scott utilise distinctive contexts to explore the nature of humanity and ultimately question what makes us human. Frankenstein and marque Runner exist to highlight how context affects the perceptions of the audience in regards to how a text is received over time thus highlighting how a comparative study of texts can accentuate distinctive contexts.The comparative study of texts depends on the context used to establish a relationship with the audience. Mary Shelleys fiction novel Frankenstein (1831) is a hybrid product of 18th century Gothic-Romanticism. The text reflects recent challenges to the sociable order as a result of the English industrial revolution a nd the French revolution during the second half of the 18th century which highlighted the empowerment of the working(a) class. Frankenstein is a work of epistolary prose fiction that is explored done multiple narrators such as the monster, Victor Frankenstein and Robert Walton.Frankenstein exists as a didactic tale that explores the holiness of trying to subvert god thus providing a slighton in patriarchal hubris highlighting the arrogance of scientific discovery without any consideration of the moral or ethical implications. Frankenstein consequently explores the nature of obsession in undermining parental and moral responsibility and evoking fear in the creation-fear of the world, fear of man. Subsequently the leading antagonist of Blade Runner, Roy silly, further elucidates the arrogance of obsession as he explains his plight, stating, Quite an experience to live in fear, isnt it?Thats what it is to be a slave. Batty provides insight into the failure of creators to understan d the emotional using of the creation which leads to its isolation and fear, causing the ensuing destruction of the natural order. Frankenstein utilises the characterisation of Victor, I take a shit described myself as always having been imbued with a fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature to explore the obsession for knowledge that formed part of Shelleys context. The text therefore reflects the influences of recent scientific development such as Galvanism and evolutionary thought.The comparative study of contrasting textual forms allows context to influence different interpretations of a text. Ridley Scotts speculative science fiction film Blade Runner (1992) employs extensive mis-en-scene to subvert the audiences sense of setting and history-a breaking of belief- enabling contextually dependant perceptions of the film. The films setting reflects its context as it echoes the concept of imperfect vision that conceptualises the short-sightedness inborn in the pursuit of perfection.The film juxtaposes the seemingly inherent ethical pretexts of discovery with the scientific community that seeks to create a perfect race, thus Blade Runners scientific context becomes reminiscent of fascistic Nazi Aryan ideology, IVF programs and the Human Genome project. Conversely Frankenstein utilises its distinguished Swiss setting to increase the plausibility of the themes which allow them to resonate with audiences as they relate to the texts context.Contrasting textual form is used to highlight how the context of each text enables their concurrent themes to resonate and remain relevant to 21st century audiences. Distinctive contexts are accentuated through similar theme content. Frankenstein and Blade Runner similarly indicate that efforts to defy the natural order are responsible for the enduring sense of misery and monomania that sustains the overall melancholic tone of both texts.Animal Imagery is used extensively within Blade Runner to reveal the primal nature of raw, native-born emotionof the replicants, a reflection of parental neglect which renders them incapable of understanding their emotions. Similarly Frankenstein juxtaposes the idyllic nature of childhood with the abandonment of parental responsibility to highlight the awe behind the monsters ugly exterior, therefore provide insight into creations place as the ultimate innocent of both texts.Frankenstein and Blade Runner establish the creations as the victims of both physical and emotional negligence who ultimately confront their creator to correct the flaw which isolates them from the world. Frankenstein and Blade Runner similarly utilise content to highlight the creations as the source of destruction to reveal the true nature of monstrosity, the senseless creators. The pursuit of knowledge at the expense of a moral framework is identified as the creators ultimate fatal flaw.As the creations of both texts reflect upon and highlight their unnatural qualities, they reveal how their creators can no longer attain the sublime. Victor highlights his exile from the sublime as he recounts how his actions and subsequent inaction deprives the soul both of hope and fear contributing to his demise. Frankenstein and Blade Runner similarly evoke a development of critical literacy and knowledge of genre at a macro level that enables distinctive contexts to gain prominence and influence the understanding or interpretation of their various(prenominal) genres as a whole.The contextualisation of Frankenstein and Blade Runner is used to provide insight into the reception of texts as it challenges the contemporary values of the audience. Frankenstein draws parallels with Greek mythology as it establishes Victor as a modern Prometheus while also addressing elements of Jewish mysticism as the monster exhibits qualities similar to the golem of Prague. The text is also reminiscent of Godwin and Wollstonecraft, however, is inherently less optimistic about societys realist ically attainable level of perfection, both physically and economically.In stark contrast, Blade Runner addresses perfection as achievable in a commercial sense commerce is our goal here at Tyrell however as Deckard states nobody is perfect he highlights the shortcomings of forswearing the moral obligations inherent in the pursuit of commerce which ultimately enable an evaluation of humanities moral boundaries. Blade Runner pays homage to the representation (particularly through film and television) of the 1950s detective film-noir to reveal a rendition of post-modern expressionism.The reflection of commerce as a postmodern cultural imperative establishes the relationship among socio-economic status and pastiche consumption. Consequently, humanity is created and traded with this transformation of everything into commodity (Byers, 1990) becoming a reflection of the context of Blade Runner following the collapse of the Soviet partnership and the economic strength of the United Stat es during the films production. In essence the distinctive context of Frankenstein and Blade Runner reflects the interpretation and perception of the genre, textual form and content over time.The comparative study of these distinctive contrasting contexts allows audiences to reflect on the enduring power of parental and moral responsibility, deliberate action or inaction and the features that deposit humanity. The key reflections in which the audience understands how they are positioned by composers as a result of their context is especially important in allowing moral assessments throughout the text. Frankenstein and Blade Runner are two texts who successfully explore the nature in which humans interpret their humanity as a response to a contextualised stimulus.Blade Runner ultimately reveals the establishment of emotional understanding as a definitive characteristic of being human, while incidentally Frankenstein explores the features of humanities collective spirit which enable an individual to belong through emotional dependence. The comparative study of Frankenstein and Blade Runner allows audiences gain a further understanding into the way contexts are accentuated through assessments of conceptualised fiction which explore the themes and issues which forms the unique identity of humanity.

Data integrity is essential for a company’s operations Essay

Describe various footprints companies hindquarters use to ensure the integrity of its information. fitting as the question states, data integrity is imperative to the success of a comp eithers operations. Data integrity is processing integrity which is one the fivesome principles of systems reliability (Romney, & Steinbart, 2012, p. 274). For a company to be successful they must have a reliable system that is accurate, easily manipulated, timely, and valid (Romney, & Steinbart, 2012).Now that you know what data integrity is, we will discuss steps that company can take to ensure the information is accurate and valid. The first step that a company can take would be forms design, where they will sequentially prenumber all source documents to verify no documents are missing, and turnaround documents which are machine readable and do non include a possibility of human error (Romney, & Stein, 2012).The second step a company can take is utilizing data entry controls, which is perform ing some(prenominal) checks to ensure that the information is correct, one example would be a field check where the individual will determine whether the characters in a field are of the proper type (e.g. if you are expecting a zip code and you do not have numeric characters, there would obviously be an issue) (Romney, & Steinbart, 2012).The third step we will discuss is checking output controls. There processes would include users examining the system output verifying the information is reasonable and they are the intended recipients. In addition, users should periodically patch up their reports and any other information including the general ledger to keep accurate up to date information (Romney, & Steinbart, 2012).By following these three steps/processes that I have discussed, companies will put themselves in a position to be the most successfully by accurately displaying the information. If they properly utilize these checks and balances, the possibility of any major issues is minimal and the likelihood of their business being successful substantially increases.

Notes on Psychology

Mary Insinuators Methods Insinuators per make a longitudinal demand in Uganda. She used home visits, realistic observations, and interviews with the amazes of the children, using an Interpreter. The babies ranged from 15 weeks to two years old when the study began, and were observed every two weeks for clubhouse months In a natural environment (the family living room). A researcher observes a childs reactions when a mother briefly leaves her child alone in an unfamiliar room. The demeanor the child behaves during the separation and upon the mothers return lot reveal Important In deviseation about fond regard.Four categories of behaviors were assured and observed (1 ) separation anxiety the unease the sister learned when left by the caregiver, (2) the infants willingness to explore, (3) stranger anxiety the Infants response to the presence of a stranger, and (4) reunion behavior the way the caregiver was greeted on return The observer noted the behavior displayed and scored th e behavior for in gosity on a scale of 1 to 7. Describe the Work of Bowl Bowl was one of the most influential theorists In the area of childrens emotional and social fuck offment Define shackle trammel is the emotional bond amidst child and caregiver.It can be observed from around 7 months of age, and manifests itself as separation anxiety in the child when the caregiver is not present. A key element in attachment is parent sensibility Name the 3 Main Theories of Attachment The Strange Situation effigy (Insinuators) which showed the different categories of attachment. Bellboys Internal working(a) Model, which showed how early attachment patterns resulted in internal schemas about relationships.Continuity Patterns in Romantic Love (Hazy and Shaver), which showed childhood patterns were perennial In mature romantic relationships, and Social ND cultural Factors In Attachment (Van lcandor and Greenberg, Malarkey,et al, which showed attachment patterns were eternal cross-cultur ally, but which were most prevalent varied by cultural parenting styles. Describe Insinuators Strange Situation Paradigm An experiment that measured the anxiety and behavior between Infant and mother through a combinations of separations and reunions.Also feature in the Strange Situation was the introduction of a stranger, someone not known to the child, in decree to observe the childs reaction Name the 3 Categories of I OFF stressed when mother leaves, seeks contact upon her return. unsure Attachment (type C) infant is distress when mother leaves, quickly seeks contact upon return, but then rejects mother turning away Attachment (type A) infant show no distress when mother leaves, avoids contact upon return, and is not afraid of the stranger.Typical of babies of insensitive mothers. Describe the 4th Attachment Category added by Main and Solomon (1990) Insecure/Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment (type D) child shows no reaction to mother leaving or returning. Associated with a bused children. enquiry Evidence for Attachment Theory Insinuators (1969) Agenda Project Observed 28 Uganda mothers interacting with their child through naturalistic observations in the home. deliberate mothers sensitivity to infants signals and needs, identified as 2 key factors in attachment.If a secure attachment is formed the child will feel worthy of heat and attention. This internal model tends to be reproduced in great(p) relationships. Explain Bellboys Theory of Attachment History The internal working model reflects an individuals experiences about the accessibility of attachment figure, different experiences may explain different attachment patterns, as well as attachment disorders What does the study of Social and Cultural Factors tell us about Attachment?Cross cultural studies tend to patronize the four attachment categories, but also show different distributions, based on differing cultural practices. Research Evidence for Social and Cultural Differences in Attachmen t Van Condoner and Greenberg (1988) Looked at 32 studies from 8 countries, book binding 2,000 infants. They found, for example, that Japan showed to a greater extent ambivalent attachment than the West, but no avoidance attachment. Secure attachment was more common in the West.Explain Continuity Attachment Patterns in Romantic Love The theory is that the patterns of attachment form in early childhood and that are translated into schemas via the inner working model repeat themselves in heavy(p) romantic relationships Research Evidence for Continuity Attachment Theory Hazy and Shaver (1978) Compared attachments with parents to romantic adult attachments. Assumed inner workings model, and then compared self-reported attachment ACH of Insinuators categories were roughly the same.Further, secure lovers described their relationships as happy, swear and friendly, Avoidance lovers displayed fear of intimacy, emotional highs and lows, as well as Jealousy. Bivalent attachment characterized romantic love as obsessive, filled with highs and lows, extreme sexual attraction, and Jealousy Evaluation of Hazy and Shaver (1978) Supported topic that attachment styles could be found in adult romantic love. Some concern that sample was self-selected and disproportionately female. Forced choices may have skewed the data. However, a follow by Hazy and Shaver ten years later replicated the results.Research Evidence for Social and Cultural Differences in Attachment Mistake et al. (1985) Explained attachment differences between US and Japan. Japanese mothers put greater emphasis on close relationships, but urge children to develop their own identity and solve problems with a wider social group. US children are more independent, but blaspheme on adults to solve problems. US shows more avoidance attachment, a consequence of independence, while Japanese children show more secure attachment and are more sensitive to group needs as adults.

Positive Behaviour Essay

Definition demeanour that tends to gather the desires of the respondent is compulsory Behaviour . It lead become app argonnt that by this definition around dogmatic deportment may lead to antisocial (so c solelyed ban) responses and hence is not recommended. Further more than, some doings that is itself socially acceptable and app arntly peremptory is not, by this definition, actually affirmatory beca rehearse it does not tend to satisfy the desires of the respondent. The reverse is also true some behaviour that is social not acceptable and apparently negative is yet actually positive because its operates to satisfy the desires of the recipient. Illustrations of Positive Behaviour performanceions that displace be classified low the following headings are customarily called positiveShowing interestAgreeing reservation balance criticism approvingShowing affectionCo-operatingProtectingPraisingUnder standForgivingAlthough in some sorts, the line amidst positive and negativ e behaviour exists in the eye of the beholder. Your value system, which stems from your family and cultural background as wellspring as your own bearingspan experiences, will determine what you believe to be positive behaviour. Your feelings more or less yourself and life in general will also colour your perceptions. When adults feel positive almost themselves, they are recrudesce able to understand and accept tiddlerrens behaviour. Positive behaviours are those which helper children/ antiquated psyche jaunt along toward the goal of becoming well- righted, fully functioning adults. In other explicates, behaviour that is typical of a particular stage of breakment, that paves the delegacy for the next stage, is positive. Positive behaviour is not, on that orientatefore, the same thing as accord with adult wishes, especially if those adult wishes reflect a lack of get alongledge of childrens or venerable souls development. well-nigh positive behaviour stop appear dow nright negative Some authors argue that there are predictable whiles in the lives of all children/venerable psyche when their behaviour falls apart when they seem to move backward in development in ways that bring and dismay their parents and care fuddlers. These times invariably signal a rapid spurt of bodily, cognitive, or socioemotional growth. An example cleverness be the child on the verge of walking, whose frustration at being left behind evokes a sudden change in disposition and screams of rage. We can view these periods, not as crisis points, but preferably as touch points, unparalleled opportunities for understanding and endorseing development, if we anticipate them positively and avoid becoming locked in power struggles.By studying child/venerable person development and carefully observing the behaviour of many them, you can learn to adjust your expectations so that the behaviour you expect is within the bounds of surmisal for children to achieve. By observing the behaviour of a particular child child/venerable person oer time, you can begin to understand what particular behaviours mean for that person. You may begin to see how behaviour that seemed atrocious to you actually serves a positive function for a child/venerable person.Focusing on positive behaviour places negative behaviour in better perspective and develops a more accurate low of the whole child/venerable person. It go outs you to emphasize strengths and help children overcome weaknesses.Early childhood educators with heightened awareness of positive behaviours will set the stage so that those behaviours can occur, and will respond in ways that work these acts occur more often. In other words, they will use techniques of indirect and direct guidance.Positive behavioral supportAccording the part of health, Positive behavioural support (phosphate buffer solution) leaves a framework that seeks to understand the condition and meaning of behaviour in shape to inform the deve lopment of supportive purlieus and skills that can enhance a persons graphic symbol of life. Evidence has shown that PBS-based approaches can enhance quality of life and also descend behaviours that challenge which in turn can lead to a reduction in the use of inhibitory interventions. It is founded on principles that have applic aptitude for a much broader range of quite a little and may use varied terminology.PBS yields a conceptual framework which recognises that people may engage in behaviours that are contest because they have challenging or complex makes that are not being met these could be associated with fantastic leads and personal preferences, sensory impairments, or mental or physical health conditions they are open(a) to challenging environments in which behaviours of concern are likely to develop examples might accept environments which are dim and lack stimulation, where there are high levels of demand placed on people, where there may be institution al blanket rules, restricted or unpredictable access to preferred activities and those things the person values and where there is insufficient availability of positive social interactions, or where personal choices are not offered and/or honoured they typically have a generally impoverished quality of life. PBS approaches comprise a number elements use person-centred, values-based approaches to reckon people are living the best life they possibly can. This involves assisting a person to develop personal relationships, rectify their health be more active in their community and to develop personally. When do properly, person centred political platformning processes make sure that those who support people propose to know them as individuals. expert assessment in order to understand probable reasons why a person presents behaviours of concern what predicts their natural event and what factors maintain and sustain them (this area of assessment is often referred to as a function al assessment). This requires consideration of a range of contextual factors including personal constitutional factors, mental and physical health, communication skills and the persons ability to influence the world around them.Patterns of behaviour provide important data, skilled analysis of which enables key areas of unmet need to be understood. The use of behaviour support thinks which have been informed by an assessment of these factors in order to ensure that aspects of the persons environment that they find challenging are identified and addressed, that quality of life is enhanced and that wherever possible people are supported to develop alternative strategies by which they can better meet their own needs. These are referred to as primary preemptive strategies. The behaviour support mean moldiness detail the responses such(prenominal) as de-escalation techniques, distraction, diversion and sometimes disengagement to be used by carers/staff when a person starts to become anxious, aroused or distressed. These are referred to as secondary preventative strategies and aim to promote relaxation and avert any further escalation to a crisis. Behaviour support plans include guidance as to how people should react when a persons agitation further escalates to a crisis where they place either themselves or others at significant risk of harm.This may include the use of restrictive interventions. Within behaviour support plans these are as identified as tertiary strategies. Any person who can reasonably be predicted to be at risk of being exposed to restrictive interventions must have an individualised behaviour support plan. Care programme approach care plans, personal retrieval plans or other personalised approach planning structures may also incorporate behaviour support plans. They must always include crown evidence of health and social needs assessment, and be created with introduce from the person, their carers, relatives or advocates. This should ident ify The context within which behaviours of concern occur Clear primary preventative strategies which decoct on improvement of quality of life and ensuring that needs are met Secondary preventative strategies which aim to ensure that early signs of foreboding and agitation are recognised and responded to Tertiary strategies which may include detail of thinkrestrictive interventions to be used in the safe(p)st possible manner and which should unaccompanied be used as an absolute last resort What are the Positive Strategies for Supporting Behavior Improvement?There are many possible contributors to the development of challenging behaviours. It is important to investigate and evaluate these, but also to dart action sooner rather than later, since many behaviors can become increasingly intense and harder to change as time goes on. Often a necessary approach to managing behaviour involves a combination of addressing underlying physical or mental health concerns, and using the beh avioral and educational supports to teach replacement skills and self-regulation. There is no magic pill, but there are a number of strategies that can often be subservient. The use of Positive Behavior Supports is more than just a politically correct approach to behavior management. inquiry shows that it is effective. The alternative is usually punishment, which decreases the likelihood of a behavior by taking something away (such as removing a favorite toy) or doing something unpleasant (yelling, spanking.)While punishment might work immediately, it has been shown to be unable in the long run and can growing aggressive behavior, provide a model for additional hateful behaviors, and strain the relationship with the care exceedr (you). It is worth noting that to continue to be effective and maintain improvements, positive supports and feedback need to be ongoing as well. Withholding reinforcement for problem behavior (i.e., extinction) is technically an example of punishment. P roponents of Positive Behavior Support (PBS) acknowledge that take inling access to reinforcement is necessary when trying to change behavior. What PBS does not condone is the use of aversive (e.g., demeaning, painful) procedures to suppress behavior.Such approaches have been demonstrated to be ineffective in producing durable changes in peoples behavior and do not improve to quality of their lives. Association for Positive Behavior Support If you have made changes to improve your childs health or happiness, and these have not helped to improvehis behaviour in a reasonable time frame (a equal of weeks), or you are concerned about safety, help may be needed. Positive strategies and an intervention plan can be developed by a behavioral or educational team, usually in response to what is learned in a functional behavior assessment(FBA) as set forth in the previous section.When several challenging behaviors exist, it is important to establish priorities. You may want to first target behaviors that are particularly dangerous, or skills that would help to improve locations across several behavioural scenarios. Remember to set goals that are reallyistic and meaningful. Start with miniscule steps that can fig over time. A non-verbal child is not likely to speak in full sentences overnight, but if reading to hold up a demand a break card when he needs to leave the table allows him to exit, and keeps him from throwing his plate, that is a huge success.A plan for our team should meet four essential elementsClarity Information about the plan, expectations and procedures are clear to the individual, family, staff and any other team members. Consistency Team and family members are on the same rascal with interventions and approaches, and strive to apply the same expectations and recognizes. Simplicity Supports are simple, practical and accessible so that everyone on the team, including the family, can be successful in making it happen. If you dont understand or c annot manage a complicated proposed behavior intervention plan, speak up We have to recognize that many skills take time to develop, and that changes in behavior require ongoing supports to be successful.In some cases, especially when you are ignoring a behavior that used to work for your child, behavior may get more intense or more frequent before it gets better. Your team should keep good records and track do and responses to intervention to know if the plan is effective. world realistic at the outset is crucial. It can help parents and caregivers appreciate that they are making small yet meaningful changes in their lives and the lives of the individual they care for. Making goals realistic means they are achievable. Being realistic keeps the picture positive. It focuses attention on progress towards to a goal, rather than perfection.Setting a real Positive Behaiviour SupportOur team should develop strategies for you to use to increase the behaviors you want to see in your child . These will need to be individualized to hisparticular needs and challenges. They can often be helpful in building a sense of pride in accomplishments and personal responsibility, and a sense of what is expected. This will push down the anxiety and reactivity that results in aggression or other behaviors. Some helpful strategies Celebrate and build strengths and successes we separate him what he does well and what you like. A sense of competence often fosters interest and motivation. Strive to give positive feedback much more frequently than any correction or negative feedback. Great job putting your dishes in the sink Respect and listen to him We may have to look for the things he is say you, verbally or through his choices or actions. You keep sitting on that side of the table. Is the sun in your eyes over here? Validate his concerns and emotions Do not brush aside his fears or tell him not to worry.His emotions are very real. Help to give language to what he is feeling. I kn ow you do not like spiders. I can see that you are very afraid right now. I can see that you are angry that our plans have changed. Provide clear expectations of behavior Show or tell your child what you expect of him using visual aids, photographs or ikon models. A great way to teach new skills is Tell-Show-Do. Set him up for success Provide accommodations. Accept a one word answer rather of demanding a whole sentence. implement a larger plate and offer a spoon to allow him to be neater at the dinner table. Use Velcroshoes or self-tying laces if tying is too frustrating. dissolve the challenging behavior Do your best to keep the challenging behavior from serving as his way of communicating or winning. This is hard to do, but in the long run it is effective. Do not allow his screams to get him out of brushing his teeth, or his biting to get him the lollipop that he wants. Behaviors may get worse before you start to see them get better. Stay the course And make sure all family an d team members are consistent in this approach and that you pair this with other positive strategies.Alternate tasks Do something that is fun, motivating or that your child is good at. Then try something hard. He will be slight inclined to give up or get agitated if he is already in a positive framework. instill and interact at your childs or make outd ones erudition level Take care to set him up for growth and accomplishment, rather than the anxiety produced by constant failure or boredom. Give choices, but within parameters Everyone needs to be in simplicity of something, even if it is as simple as whichactivity comes first. You can still maintain some control in the choices that you offer. Do you want to eat first, or paint first? Provide access to breaks acquire the individual to request a break when he needs to regroup (e.g. use a pectoral card that represents break). Be sure to provide the break when he asks so he learns to deposit this option and does not have to reso rt to challenging behaviors.Promote the use of a safe, calm-down place Teach him to recognize when he needs to go there. This is a positive strategy, not a punishment. Set up reinforcement systems Use simple, predictable processes that reward your child for desired behavior. Catch him being good and reward that, verbally and with favored activities, objects or payment. I love that you stayed with me during our shopping trip. You earned a ride on the airplane toy Allow times and places for him to do what he wants Even if it is a stim, it is important to provide these options when it is not an intrusion or annoyance to others. Reward flexibility and self control I know you wanted to go to the pool today and we were surprised when it was closed.For staying cool and being so flexible about that change in plans, permits go get some ice cream instead Pick your battles Strive for balance. Focus on the behaviors and skills that are most essential. Be sure to include positive feedback and i ntersperse opportunities for success and enjoyment for you, your family, and your loved one with autism. Be resilient. Celebrate the fun and the good things Use positive/proactive language Use language that describes what you want the individual to do (e.g. I love how you used a tissue ), and try to avoid saying NO, or dont (e.g. stop picking your nose. ).Setting Realistic Behavioral GoalsSetting goals allows us to objectively measure progress toward an identified desired outcome. It also allows caregivers and parents to ask themselves, What behavioral changes would really make the greatest improvements in our lives in concert? It allows them to identify what really matters. For instance, it may be more important to address a behavior such as throwing things during a classroom activity than to address that persons tendency to stand up during meals.Adapt the EnvironmentAs you learn to think like a detective about your childs behaviour, your observations (or the FBA) are likely to sho w that behaviour occurs at specific times, with certain people or in particular environments. You and your team will need to tune in, learning to recognize the signs of increasing tension, anxiety or frustration that eventually lead to challenging behaviours. Often there is a ramping up, or escalation period, and learning to recognize that early and using many of the approaches here can help to calm a situation and prevent behavioural outbursts. Sometimes these signs may be very subtlered ears, a tapping foot, heavier breathing, high pitched speechbut it is essential that everyone on the team responds to the importance of tuning in and on the job(p) towards de-escalation. Changing the environment can often reduce behavioral episodes. Expand situations, relationships, places and opportunities that are successful.If possible, try to adjust or avoid situations that are triggers for challenging behaviour. Incorporate ways to reduce frustration and anxiety and increase understanding. B elow are some things to consider when working to create a more successful environment Organize and provide structure Provide clear and consistent visual schedules, calendars, consistent routines, etc. so that the person knows what is coming next. Inform transitions and changes Recognize that changes can be extremely unsettling, especially when they are unexpected. tint to a schedule, use countdown timers, give warnings about upcoming changes, etc. we can use Visual Supports Pictures, text, video modeling and other visuals are best for visual learners, but they are also critical because they provide information that stays.The ATN Visual Supports Tool Kit provides a step-by-step, easy-to-understand introduction to visual supports. Provide a safe place and teach when to use it A calming room or corner, and/or objects or activities that help to calm (e.g. bean bag) provide opportunities to regroup and can be helpful in teaching self-control. direct or dampen distracting or disturbing stimuli Replace flickering fluorescent lights, use headphones to help abash noise, avoid high traffic times, etc.Pair companions or staff appropriately for challenging activities or times Some people are more calming than others in certain situations. If going to the parentage with dad works better than withmom, focus on that and celebrate successes. Consider structural changes to your home or yard These changes might address some of the specifics of your situation to increase independence or reduce the risks when outbursts occur. Making Homes that Work includes a range of potential changes that can be made to reduce property damage, improve safety, and increase choice and independence.Communicate to OthersMany families have found it helpful to communicate to those around them about their childs special needs and some of the behavioral situations that might arise. Sometimes it is helpful to let others know what is going on so that they can also be observers and help provide helpfu l input about your child. Some families have found it helpful to talk to their neighbours, or to communicate with others in the community using stickers, cards, or other visuals. Parents can carry a note card standing such this one Positive and Proactive Care reducing the need for restrictive interventions People with learning disabilities whose behaviour is challenging will have physical interventions used on them at some point in their lives. In the absence of a lawful reason, using force, or threatening to use force, could give rise to a criminal charge, as could locking someone in their room. The Mental Capacity Act defines the unlawfulness, and the appropriate penalties for actions of illtreatment or neglect. A physical intervention in relation to challenging behaviour is described by the British Institute for Learning Disabilities (Harris et al, 1996) as A method of responding to the challenging behaviour of people with learning disability and/or autism which involves some deg ree of direct physical force which limits or restricts the driveway or mobility of the person concerned.They define three types of physical intervention direct physical contact surrounded by a member of staff and a service exploiter for example holding a persons arms and legs to stop them attacking someone the use of barriers such as locked doors to limit liberty of presence for example placing door catches or bolts beyond the reach of service users materials or equipment that restricts or prevents movement for example placing splints on a persons arms to restrict movement.The Department of Health/Department for Education and Skills guidance (2002) outlines the requirements when physical intervention are planned and these include agreement by the multidisciplinary team, including quotation with others as appropriate put in writing, together with the behavioural plan (they should never be the only plan for managing behaviour) be supervised by appropriately trained staffbe recor ded, so that the good deal of any physical intervention and methods used can be monitored. This guidance also emphasises that the physical interventions should be used as infrequently as possible be in the best interests of the service user be part of a broader treatment strategy not cause injury maintain the persons dignity.And also, The Human Rights Act (HRA)15 imposes a duty on public authorities, (including NHS Trusts, Local Authorities, and police forces) and go exercising functions of a public nature not to act in a manner that is incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights13 (ECHR) rights that have been made part of UK law by the HRA.