Notes on Psychology

Mary Insinuators Methods Insinuators per make a longitudinal demand in Uganda. She used home visits, realistic observations, and interviews with the amazes of the children, using an Interpreter. The babies ranged from 15 weeks to two years old when the study began, and were observed every two weeks for clubhouse months In a natural environment (the family living room). A researcher observes a childs reactions when a mother briefly leaves her child alone in an unfamiliar room. The demeanor the child behaves during the separation and upon the mothers return lot reveal Important In deviseation about fond regard.Four categories of behaviors were assured and observed (1 ) separation anxiety the unease the sister learned when left by the caregiver, (2) the infants willingness to explore, (3) stranger anxiety the Infants response to the presence of a stranger, and (4) reunion behavior the way the caregiver was greeted on return The observer noted the behavior displayed and scored th e behavior for in gosity on a scale of 1 to 7. Describe the Work of Bowl Bowl was one of the most influential theorists In the area of childrens emotional and social fuck offment Define shackle trammel is the emotional bond amidst child and caregiver.It can be observed from around 7 months of age, and manifests itself as separation anxiety in the child when the caregiver is not present. A key element in attachment is parent sensibility Name the 3 Main Theories of Attachment The Strange Situation effigy (Insinuators) which showed the different categories of attachment. Bellboys Internal working(a) Model, which showed how early attachment patterns resulted in internal schemas about relationships.Continuity Patterns in Romantic Love (Hazy and Shaver), which showed childhood patterns were perennial In mature romantic relationships, and Social ND cultural Factors In Attachment (Van lcandor and Greenberg, Malarkey,et al, which showed attachment patterns were eternal cross-cultur ally, but which were most prevalent varied by cultural parenting styles. Describe Insinuators Strange Situation Paradigm An experiment that measured the anxiety and behavior between Infant and mother through a combinations of separations and reunions.Also feature in the Strange Situation was the introduction of a stranger, someone not known to the child, in decree to observe the childs reaction Name the 3 Categories of I OFF stressed when mother leaves, seeks contact upon her return. unsure Attachment (type C) infant is distress when mother leaves, quickly seeks contact upon return, but then rejects mother turning away Attachment (type A) infant show no distress when mother leaves, avoids contact upon return, and is not afraid of the stranger.Typical of babies of insensitive mothers. Describe the 4th Attachment Category added by Main and Solomon (1990) Insecure/Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment (type D) child shows no reaction to mother leaving or returning. Associated with a bused children. enquiry Evidence for Attachment Theory Insinuators (1969) Agenda Project Observed 28 Uganda mothers interacting with their child through naturalistic observations in the home. deliberate mothers sensitivity to infants signals and needs, identified as 2 key factors in attachment.If a secure attachment is formed the child will feel worthy of heat and attention. This internal model tends to be reproduced in great(p) relationships. Explain Bellboys Theory of Attachment History The internal working model reflects an individuals experiences about the accessibility of attachment figure, different experiences may explain different attachment patterns, as well as attachment disorders What does the study of Social and Cultural Factors tell us about Attachment?Cross cultural studies tend to patronize the four attachment categories, but also show different distributions, based on differing cultural practices. Research Evidence for Social and Cultural Differences in Attachmen t Van Condoner and Greenberg (1988) Looked at 32 studies from 8 countries, book binding 2,000 infants. They found, for example, that Japan showed to a greater extent ambivalent attachment than the West, but no avoidance attachment. Secure attachment was more common in the West.Explain Continuity Attachment Patterns in Romantic Love The theory is that the patterns of attachment form in early childhood and that are translated into schemas via the inner working model repeat themselves in heavy(p) romantic relationships Research Evidence for Continuity Attachment Theory Hazy and Shaver (1978) Compared attachments with parents to romantic adult attachments. Assumed inner workings model, and then compared self-reported attachment ACH of Insinuators categories were roughly the same.Further, secure lovers described their relationships as happy, swear and friendly, Avoidance lovers displayed fear of intimacy, emotional highs and lows, as well as Jealousy. Bivalent attachment characterized romantic love as obsessive, filled with highs and lows, extreme sexual attraction, and Jealousy Evaluation of Hazy and Shaver (1978) Supported topic that attachment styles could be found in adult romantic love. Some concern that sample was self-selected and disproportionately female. Forced choices may have skewed the data. However, a follow by Hazy and Shaver ten years later replicated the results.Research Evidence for Social and Cultural Differences in Attachment Mistake et al. (1985) Explained attachment differences between US and Japan. Japanese mothers put greater emphasis on close relationships, but urge children to develop their own identity and solve problems with a wider social group. US children are more independent, but blaspheme on adults to solve problems. US shows more avoidance attachment, a consequence of independence, while Japanese children show more secure attachment and are more sensitive to group needs as adults.